World & Physical Geography MCQs

Notes:
Ptolemy made a number of contributions to geography. His book Geographike hyphegesis or “Guide to Geography” compiled and summarize much of the Greek and Roman geographic information accumulated at that time.
Geographia was written by Strabo

Notes:
Approximate distance from Earth’s center to its surface is known as Earth radius which is 6,370 km.

Notes:
Mars is known as the red planet because it looks red from Earth. The reddish color comes from high concentration of iron oxide compounds that is rust—in the rocks of the Martian surface.
Phobos and Deimos are the natural satellites of Mars.

Notes:
The five layers of atmosphere are: Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Ionosphere and Exosphere

Notes:
Neptune is the eighth and farthest-known planet from the Sun in the Solar System. It is 17 times mass of earth. Neptune has 14 known moons. Triton is the largest Neptunian moon.

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The aurora borealis is a display of natural light in the sky near the North Pole. It was named after the Roman goddess of the dawn, Aurora, and the Greek name for the north wind, Boreas, by Pierre Gassendi in 1621. It is a result of photon emissions in the earth’s upper atmosphere from ionized nitrogen atoms regaining an electron, and oxygen and nitrogen atoms returning from an excited state to a low-energy state.

Notes:
A rift valley is a valley with steep fault scarps and block mountains on both sides. Rift valleys are formed when tension causes the central portion to be let down between two adjacent fault blocks. The East African Rift Valley system is an example of a rift valley.
Block mountains are formed when large areas of the earth break and subside vertically. The uplifted blocks are called horsts and the lowered blocks are called graben. The Sierra Nevada mountain range in California is an example of fault block mountains.
Block mountains are formed when two tectonic plates move away from each other, causing cracks on the surface of the Earth. This forces a slab of land to break off and is forced upwards.

Notes:
Himalayas is called fold mountain because initially there was an ocean where the himalayas and the tibetan plateau stand today. The ocean was called Tethys sea. The sea bed “folded” to form the mountain range, so it is called the fold mountains.

Notes:
Volcanic eruptions occur only in certain places and do not occur randomly. This is because the Earth’s crust is broken into a series of slabs known as tectonic plates. … Sixty percent of all active volcanoes occur at the boundaries between tectonic plates. Volcanic eruptions do not occur in the Baltic Sea.
The basathic rock found in Baltic sea is transported by glacier.
 

Notes:
The Lighthouse Reef is actually an atoll in the Caribbean Sea. It is a part of the Belize Barrier Reef. The Great Blue Hole is a marine sinkhole, lies near the center of the Lighthouse Reef.