World & Physical Geography MCQs

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Outermost layer of the earth- crust is also known as Sial because major constituent elements of crust are silica (Si) and Aluminium (Al). Mantle is also known as Sima because major constituent elements of mantle are magnesium and silicon. Innermost layer of the earth- core is also known as Nife because core is mainly composed of the iron (fe) and nickel (Ni).

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Planetary or permanent winds blow from high pressure belts to low pressure belts in the same direction throughout the year. They never change the direction. They blow over vast area of continents and oceans. They are easterly and westerlies and polar easterlies.

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Oxygen is the third most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen and helium and the most abundant element by mass in the Earth’s crust. In Earth’s crust, Oxygen is 46.6% by mass, followed by Silicon 27.7% and Aluminium 8.1%.

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Bay of Bengal is the largest bay in the world. It is located to southeast of India. The Hudson bay comes second.

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Cinder cones are a type of volcano. They are the simplest and most common type of volcano. Cinder cones are also known as ash cones. They are formed by pyroclastic fragments, such as volcanic ash, solidified lava, and hot gases. These fragments are ejected from a single vent. As the gas-charged lava is blown into the air, it breaks into small fragments that solidify and fall around the vent. These fragments form a circular or oval cone.
Cinder cones are never huge and have a slope of around 33 degrees. They can be new volcanoes, or they can form over the vents of pre-existing volcanoes. They only grow to about a thousand feet, the size of a hill.

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When an igneous rock has cooled quite slowly at depth inside the earth, it is known as intrusive rock. As the molten material solidifies below the surface, it cools very slowly and forms rocks with large crystals. Granite is an example of it.

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Pamir knot is called the roof of the world because they are at high altitude. The Pamir Mountains are a mountain range in Central Asia formed by the junction of the Himalayas with Tian Shan, Karakoram, Kunlun, and Hindu Kush ranges.

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Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. Most sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar because they are the most resistant minerals to weathering processes at the Earth’s surface, as seen in Bowen’s reaction series.

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Covering an expanse of over 6.6 million square miles, Russia is the world’s largest country by landmass, beating out runner-up Canada by around 2.8 million square miles.

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Mars is a planet with a very similar daily cycle as the Earth. Its sidereal day is 24 hours, 37 minutes and 22 seconds and its solar day 24 hours, 39 minutes and 35 seconds. A Martian day (referred to as “sol”) is therefore approximately 40 minutes longer than a day on Earth.
Its axial tilt is most similar to Earth. Mars’ tilt is 25 degrees, just a fraction away from the Earth’s 23.5 degrees. Mars also has a very elliptical orbit. Because of this, the difference between its closest and most distant point along its orbit vary by 19%.