World & Physical Geography MCQs

Notes:
The Bohemian Forest is also known as Sumava or Bohmerwald which is a low mountain range in Central Europe which spreads among Germany, the Czech Republic and Austria. It forms the highest uplands of the Bohemian Massif. Great Arber Park is the highest peak of this mountain range which is 1456 meters above sea level. It is the dividing range between the watersheds of the Black Sea and the North Sea.

Notes:
B – Horizon also known as the subsoil, this layer lies below the A-horizon and the E-horizon. It contains minerals which reflect the physical and chemical alteration of the parent rock. It is a zone of illuviation i.e., the nutrients that are leached out of the A-horizon and E-horizon get accumulated here.

Notes:
After the retreat of glaciers, a series of migrations took place from Asia to North America via Bering land bridge. These post-glacial movements resulted in the northwestern parts of the American continent being inhabited by peoples resembling those of northern belt of Asia, and they continued their way eastward wherever the environment was the same as that to which they had adapted themselves. These people living in the tundra region of America and Greenland are called the Eskimos.

Notes:
On the basis of the growth rate of population the world can be divided into the following three types of areas:
Areas of Low Growth Rate –  Developed countries like US, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and countries of western-Europe have a low growth rate (below 1 %).
Areas of Moderate Growth Rate – This category includes the developing countries like Pakistan, Afghanistan, Brazil, Bolivia, Mongolia, Indonesia and many other African and South American countries.
Areas of High Growth Rate – Countries like Afghanistan, Mexico, Iran, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, Kenya and Kuwait make this category.

Notes:
Ravenstein was the first to postulate, laws of migration in 1885. He emphasised that the economic motives have generally been the dominant factor leading to migration.
Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration:
The volume of migration decreases with distance.
Migration takes place in stages
Every major current of migration generates a compensating counter-stream.
The tendency to migrate is less in people living in towns compared to rural population.
Among short journey migrants, females appear to predominate.

Notes:
Centre with population of more than one lakh is called a city or class I town. Cities accommodating population size between one to five million are called metropolitan cities and more than five million are mega cities. Majority of metropolitan and mega cities are urban agglomerations

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Over-Urbanization – It refers to the increased exemplifications of the characters of urbanization in a city or its surrounding rural area. It results from excessive development of urban traits. Due to the expansion of the range of urban activities and occupations, greater influx of secondary functions like industry, the increased sophistication and mechanization of life and the influx of urban characters into the surrounding rural area, over urbanization gradually replaces the rural and traditionalistic traits of a community.

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The vegetative species which are present in the Dry sub-humid zone are thorny bushes such as Acacia catechu, Mimosa Zizyphus, and sometimes fleshy Euphorbia. Other short tree varieties such as Anogeissus latifola, Soymida febrifuga are also found.

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Algaculture is the Aquaculture involving the farming of species of algae. However, due to their size and the specific requirements of the environment in which they grow, they are not cultivated on a large scale. They are more often harvested wild from the ocean.

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Nitrogen fertiliser is the most widely used among all chemical fertilisers. China, US and India are the leading producers of nitrogenous fertilisers. Other important producers besides these major producers of nitrogenous fertilisers are the countries of western and central Europe and the oil producing countries of Middle East like Kuwait.