Indian Economy MCQs

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Under the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR), banks must maintain liquid assets such as cash, gold, or approved securities with themselves. SLR is mandated by the Reserve Bank of India under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. The current SLR requirement is 18% of Net Demand and Time Liabilities (NDTL) as per RBI policy. These assets are not kept with the RBI.

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Monetary policy is conducted by central banks to control money supply and interest rates. In India, the Reserve Bank of India manages monetary policy under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. Changing interest rates is a primary method to influence inflation and economic growth. The Monetary Policy Committee determines policy repo rates. Interest rate changes affect borrowing, spending, and inflation in the economy.

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A regressive tax is the one in which tax rate decreases as the amount subject to taxation increases; and the tax rate progresses from high to low. The lowest amount is subject to higher taxation and this leads to individuals with low income bear the highest burden of regressive taxes. Such tax does not take into account the ability to pay.

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The term “Bretton Woods Twins” refers to the two institutions created at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944: the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). The IMF was set up to promote global monetary cooperation and stability, while the IBRD was established to help finance post-war reconstruction and development. The IBRD later became part of the World Bank Group.

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Market-wide circuit breakers in the United States are triggered if the S&P 500 Index falls by 7%, 13%, or 20% from the previous day’s closing value. Level 1 and Level 2 trigger 15-minute trading halts if before 3:25 p.m. A Level 3 decline causes trading to be halted for the remainder of the day. Circuit breakers were introduced in 1988 after the 1987 Black Monday crash.

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The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) is headquartered in Philippines and has operating offices in seventeen countries. The Institute was originally established in the yeat 1960. It aims to reduce poverty and hunger, improve the health of rice farmers and consumers.

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Government spending refers to the money spent by the government or public sector on the acquisition of goods and services such as education, healthcare, social protection, defence etc. It does not come under monetary policy.

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In 1944 Eight Industrialists of Bombay including Mr. JRD Tata, GD Birla, Purshottamdas Thakurdas , Lala Shriram, kasturbhai lalbhai, AD Shroff , Ardeshir Dalal, & John Mathai working together prepared “A Brief Memorandum Outlining a Plan of Economic Development for India” which was popularly known as Bombay Plan. This plan envisaged doubling the per capita income in 15 years and tripling the national income during this period.

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Milton Friedman published “The Case for Flexible Exchange Rates” in 1953. Friedman’s essay advocated flexible exchange rates to provide monetary policy independence. The paper provided the foundational arguments and theory supporting flexible exchange rate systems over fixed ones. Friedman’s analysis influenced international monetary economics from the 1950s onward.

Notes:
Total Food Grains, as classified by Indian agricultural authorities, comprise rice, wheat, all types of coarse cereals (millet, barley, sorghum, etc.), and pulses. These groups are reported together in agriculture statistics and policy documents, as both cereals and pulses are major staple food grains cultivated and consumed across India.