Indian Economy MCQs

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C is the correct answer. In case of the primary market, investors buy securities directly from the company issuing them, while in the secondary market, investor’s trade securities among themselves. Thus, Primary market is for raising the Equity capital or share capital, which is the owners’ interest on the assets of the enterprise after deducting all its liabilities. This mechanism of buying and selling shares through stock exchange is known as the secondary markets.

Notes:
Overall Trade-Distorting Domestic Support (OTDS) is defined in the context of WTO agriculture negotiations. OTDS includes Aggregate Measure of Support (AMS), Blue Box payments, and de minimis support. OTDS commitments were discussed during the Doha Round agriculture talks beginning in 2001. WTO ministerial conferences periodically review and negotiate OTDS reduction by member countries. India and other countries have submitted proposals focusing on agriculture OTDS at these negotiations.

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Public Relations Issues Management is a PR strategy that addresses emerging issues and crises. It guides company communication and action during critical situations. This approach maintains brand reputation and public trust by controlling information and providing timely responses during incidents. The process follows established crisis management frameworks used by organizations worldwide.

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Primary jobs involve getting raw materials from the natural environment e.g. Mining, farming and fishing. There are a lot of people who are engaged in primary occupations in an economically underdeveloped country.

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Amartya Sen, noted Nobel Laureate, has developed an index known as Sen Index to estimate the poverty.
The Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) was developed in 2010 by the Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative (OPHI) and the United Nations Development Programme and uses health, education, and standard of living indicators to determine the degree of poverty experienced by a population.
The poverty gap index is a measure of the intensity of poverty.

Notes:
Former Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh is one of India’s leading economists and is known to have been the brain behind India’s socio-economic reforms and economic liberalization.

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A foundation seed is a progeny of breeder seed produced by recognized seed producing agencies in the public and private sector, under the supervision of seed certification agencies and its quality is maintained according to prescribed field and seed standards.

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Cropping pattern refers to the spatial and temporal sequencing and arrangement of crops in a specified area. It involves the proportion of area under different crops at a given time and their rotation or succession. Factors influencing cropping patterns include climate, soil, technology, and farmer preference. India’s major cropping patterns change over time due to market demand and government policy.

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India’s horticultural exports surpassed USD 5 billion in FY25. Floriculture exports reached Rs 2,000 crore (USD 233.37 million) in the same period. India’s horticultural output totals over 355 million metric tonnes annually, ranking second globally. Fresh fruits and vegetables constitute the fastest-growing segment, with a projected CAGR of 7.42% through 2031. Exports include fruits, vegetables, and floriculture products.

Notes:
Andhra Pradesh contributed 18.37% of India’s total egg production in 2024-25, according to the Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics 2025. Andhra Pradesh produced the highest number of eggs among all Indian states. Annual total egg production in India reached 149.11 billion during 2024-25. The next largest producers were Tamil Nadu at 15.63% and Telangana at 12.98%.