International Organizations, Defence, Books & Authors, World History

Notes:
Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate (English: Victory to you Mother Karnataka, The Daughter of Mother India!) is a Kannada poem, which was composed by the Indian national poet Kuvempu. The poem was officially declared the state song of the Indian state of Karnataka on 6 January 2004.

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At the end of 19th century, the British Empire was the biggest in the world, both in terms of the number of people over whom it rules and the area under its rule. The population of her colonial possessions extending over an area of 23 million square kilometer was about 400 millions. France ruled over an empire of over 10 million square kilometer inhabited by over 50 million people. So, statement 1 is incorrect. Within a short period of time after the beginning of  ‘Scramble for Africa’, European imperial powers had carved it out among themselves. In the Berlin Congress, entire Africa was divided between different European powers. At the end of WWI, only Liberia and Ethiopia were free from any sort of colonial control. So, statement 2 is incorrect.

Notes:
After the Japanese occupation of Korea ended as a result of the defeat of Japan, Korea had been divided into two occupation zones- the northern zone under the Soviet Union and the southern zone under the USA. The division was along the 38th parallel. Both these powers set up friendly regimes within their occupation zones in the North and South Korea respectively. The Korean War could also not change this boundary. So, the correct answer is option ‘b’.

Notes:
Operation Desert Storm was a military operation in 1991 to expel Iraqi forces from Kuwait. The operation was the response to Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait. President George H. W. Bush announced the start of the operation on January 16, 1991.
Operation Desert Storm was the first major foreign crisis for the United States after the end of the Cold War. It was the largest air campaign since the conflict in Southeast Asia. The U.S. and its allies defeated the Iraqi forces in 100 hours. During the operation, the U.S. and its allies destroyed over 3,000 tanks, 1,400 armored personnel carriers, and 2,200 artillery pieces.
Operation Desert Storm is also known as the first Gulf War. 75% of the coalition forces were from the U.S..

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During the war Germany and its allies were called Central Powers. England and her allies were called Allied Powers. Germany entered the war to defend Austria. Shortly all the powers in the hostile camps were automatically drawn into the war.

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One of the most important events in the history of socialist movement was the formation in 1864 of the International Working Men’s Association or the First International. During the short period of its existence, the International exercised a tremendous influence on workers’ movements in Europe.

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On becoming Germany’s Chancellor in 1933, Hitler undertook a rearmament programme. His aggressive foreign policy led to the Second World War. Similarly, Mussolini organized the Fascist movement in Italy. He believed in dictatorship, aggressive foreign policy and colonial policy. Thus, he emerged as the Il Duce or supreme commander. The emergence of dictatorship in Europe paved the way for Second World War.

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In response to the western military pacts, the Soviet Union concluded the Warsaw Pact on 14th May 1955 with her satellite powers. During this phase a number of military pacts were concluded, but the tension between East and West was somewhat reduced.

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Prithvi Air Defense (PAD) is part of India’s Ballistic Missile Defense Program, designed to intercept ballistic missiles in the exo-atmosphere. Advanced Air Defense (AAD) serves as the second layer, targeting missiles in the endo-atmosphere. Akash is a medium-range surface-to-air missile system developed by DRDO for engaging aerial threats. Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile (QRSAM) is an all-weather, all-terrain air defense system developed by DRDO with Bharat Electronics Limited and Bharat Dynamics Limited.

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Tim Berners-Lee is a British computer scientist and the inventor of the World Wide Web. He made a proposal for an information management system in March, 1989, and on 25 December, 1990, with the help of Robert Cailliau and a young student at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), he implemented the first successful communication between a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) client and server via the Internet.