International Organizations, Defence, Books & Authors, World History

Notes:
In India, April 24th is celebrated as National Panchayati Raj Diwas every year. This day marks the passing of the Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, that came into force with effect from 24 April 1993

Notes:
Ireland had proposed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT, is an international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons.

Notes:
TRIPS stands for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. It is an international legal agreement between all the member nations of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The agreement sets down minimum standards for the regulation by national governments of different forms of intellectual property as applied to nationals of other WTO member nations.

Notes:
The Shatt al-Arab waterway was the main factor in the Iran-Iraq War. The Shatt al-Arab is formed by the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. The southern end of the river forms the border between Iran and Iraq. The Shatt al-Arab was an important channel for oil exports for both countries. The dispute over the Shatt al-Arab lasted from 1936 until 1975. Iran rejected the demarcation line established in the Anglo-Ottoman Convention of Constantinople of November 1913. Iran wanted the border to run along the thalweg, the deepest point of the navigable channel. The Iran-Iraq War lasted from September 1980 until August 1988. The war was also called the First Persian Gulf War or the Imposed War in Iran.

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The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation is the regional intergovernmental organization and geopolitical union of states in South Asia. Its member states are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Its headquarters is at Kathmandu, Nepal.

Notes:
The correct answer is “5 Permanent & 4 Non-Permanent Members.” In the United Nations Security Council, a decision requires the affirmative votes of at least 9 out of 15 members, which includes all 5 permanent members (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and 4 non-permanent members. This structure ensures that both permanent and non-permanent members have a important role in decision-making. Notably, any of the permanent members can veto a substantive resolution, which is a unique feature of the Security Council.

Notes:
Statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct: Both EGDI and E-Participation Index are published by UNPAP since 2003. Statement 3 is incorrect as the International Trade Centre does not publish EGDI. These indices assess the e-government development and e-participation of United Nations Member States.

Notes:
The Grenadiers Regiment, one of the oldest regiments of the Indian Army, has had three PVC awardees in its ranks. Company Quarter Master Havildar Abdul Hamid, 4th Grenadiers was the first recipient of the Param Vir Chakra (Posthumous) for the Regiment in 1965 and the second recipient to get the Param Vir Chakra was Major Hoshiar Singh, 3rd Grenadiers in 1971.

Notes:
The book ” The Unquiet River: A biography of the Brahmaputra ” has been authored by historian Arupjyoti Saikia that re-imagines the layered history of Assam with the river at the centre. The book claims to combine a range of disciplinary scholarship to unravel the geological forces as well as human endeavour which have shaped the river into what it is today.

Notes:
Electron was discovered by an Irish scientist J J Thomson and electron is the first subatomic particle to be discovered. J J Thomson is notable for proposing the water melon model which is also called as plum pudding model.