International Organizations, Defence, Books & Authors, World History

Notes:
Indian National Defence University set up in Gurgaon in Haryana.

Notes:
Beyond-Visual-Range Air-to-Air Missile (BVRAAM) among the options you’ve provided is “C) Astra.” Here’s some more detailed information:

• Agni: Agni is not an air-to-air missile; it’s a family of long-range ballistic missiles developed by India for delivering nuclear warheads. It is not designed for aerial combat.
• Prithvi: Prithvi is also not an air-to-air missile. It’s a short-range ballistic missile system designed for attacking ground targets.
• Astra: Astra is indeed a Beyond-Visual-Range Air-to-Air Missile (BVRAAM). It is developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) of India. Astra is designed to engage and destroy enemy aircraft at distances beyond visual range. It is a crucial component of India’s air defense capabilities.
• Nag: Nag is not an air-to-air missile either. It’s an anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) developed by India for use against armored vehicles and tanks.

In summary, (C) Astra” is the correct choice as the Beyond-Visual-Range Air-to-Air Missile among the options provided.

Notes:
Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism or, the CCIT is an Indian document, which outlines the definition of terrorism and proposal of anti-terror law submitted to United Nations in the late 90s, which is under discussion for many years.In 2001, India in fact submitted its revised version and has been pitching for its implementation.

Notes:
The Washington Treaty (North Atlantic Treaty), signed in 1949, established NATO. Article 5 of the Treaty states that an armed attack against one or more NATO members in Europe or North America is to be considered an attack against all. The other agreements listed do not contain this defining NATO provision.

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The headquarters of International Professional Cycling Federation are at Luxembourg. It was created in 1965 after the split of UCI.

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French is the official reference language of International Olympic Committee. English and the language of the host country are considered as the official language.

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During October Revolution, urban workers began to organize into councils wherein revolutionaries criticized the provisional government and its actions.  Bolshevik Red Guards forces under the Military Revolutionary Committee began the occupation of government buildings on 7 November 1917.

Notes:

• The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is an international financial institution that offers loans to middle-income developing countries. The IBRD is the first of five member institutions that compose the World Bank Group, and is headquartered in Washington, D.C. in the United States.
• The International Finance Corporation is an international financial institution that offers investment, advisory, and asset-management services to encourage private-sector development in less developed countries. The IFC is a member of the World Bank Group and is headquartered in Washington, D.C. in the United States.
• The International Fund for Agricultural Development is an international financial institution and a specialised agency of the United Nations dedicated to eradicating poverty and hunger in rural areas of developing countries. It is headquartered in Rome, Italy.
• The International Monetary Fund, also known as the Fund, is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of 189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation.
• International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) was established in 1977 with the objective to fight rural poverty. Its mission is to “Enable poor rural people to overcome poverty”. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is one of five institutions that comprise the World Bank Group.

Notes:
The book “Voice of Conscience” was written by Varahagiri Venkata Giri, commonly known as V. V. Giri. V.V. Giri was the fourth president of India, serving his term from 24th August 1969 to 24th August 1974. In his book, he shares his experiences and views on important social and political issues, reflecting his commitment to public service and the welfare of the society.

Notes:
The Igniter Complex at High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL) was inaugurated in Pashan area of Pune in Maharashtra. The new complex is equipped with sieve shaker, granulating machine, planetary mixer, pelleting machine, etc. A design, modelling, simulation laboratory are a part of the complex. The complex also has an assembly centre and a testing centre.
HEMRL is a premier laboratory of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).It is primarily engaged in developing rocket and gun propellants, pyrotechnic devices, high-explosive systems and synthesis of high-energy molecules.