International Organizations, Defence, Books & Authors, World History

Notes:
In 1992, the Government of India decided to confer Bharat Ratna to Subhash Chandra Bose, but it was opposed by some members of his family who had refused to accept the fact of his death. In 1997 as per the Supreme Court’s verdict Bose’s award was cancelled. It is the only case in India when the award was announced but not conferred.

Notes:
The Booker Prize is awarded annually to the best original novel, written in the English language, by a citizen of the Commonwealth of Nations, Republic of Ireland, or Zimbabwe. It contributes greatly to promoting and acknowledging the literary work in English language and provides the authors a platform to showcase their talent to a larger audience.

Notes:
Treaty of Portsmouth ended the Russo-Japanese War in 1905. The treaty was signed on September 5, 1905 at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine. The treaty was signed by Japanese and Russian diplomats after negotiations from August 6 to August 30. The treaty ended the war that began in 1904. The war was caused by Russian and Japanese expansionism in the Far East. The war contributed to domestic unrest in both countries, which led to the Russian revolution of 1905. U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt was instrumental in the negotiations and won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts.

Notes:
Balika Diwas, or National Girl Child Day, is celebrated in India on January 24 each year. However, the date mentioned in the options is incorrect. The day aims to promote the rights of girls and highlight issues they face. It was first observed in 2008 and is part of the government’s efforts to improve the status of girls in society.

Notes:
UNESCO Avicenna Prize for Ethics in Science is awarded every two years to individuals and groups with outstanding achievements in the field of ethics in science. Its purpose is to highlight the importance of ethics in science, to develop a reflection on the issue and to bring it to the attention of scientists and the general public.

Notes:
The Global Tiger Initiative (GTI) was launched in the year 2008. It objective was to save wild tigers from extinction. The World Bank Group hosted the GTI Secretariat till and also acted as a convener of the global network to save wild tigers and snow leopards from extinction.

Notes:
National Voters Day in India is celebrated on January 25th. This day is celebrated to promote participation of the citizens in the political process. It was first celebrated in the year 2011 to mark the commission’s foundation day. Prioritizing the participation of the youth in the electoral process is the main focus of this celebration as the Indian Election Commission was established on this day in 1950.

Notes:
Ganita Sara Sangraha (“Compendium of the Essence of Mathematics”) written by Mahavira ( or Mahaviracharya), a Jain  mathematician from Mysore. It was written during the reign of the Rashtrakuta dynasty ruler Amoghavarsha (800–878 AD). In  the 11th century, the book was translated into Telugu language by Pavuluri Mallana as Saar Sangraha Ganitam.

Notes:
Bharavi is the known author of the epic Sanskrit poem “Kiratarjuniya”, which translates as “Arjuna and the Mountain Man”. This 6th-century poet is recognized for this contribution to Sanskrit literature, making him a notabled figure in cultural and literature history.

Notes:
On 5 November 2001, the UN General Assembly declared 6 November of each year to be celebrated as the International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed Conflict. It aims to educate people about the damaging effects of war and armed conflict on the environment.