International Organizations, Defence, Books & Authors, World History

Notes:
The book “Jobless Clueless Reckless” has been authored by Revathi Suresh. It’s a novel about teenagers that gives an insight into what happens in the minds and lives of teenagers in an upper middle class, urban society.

Notes:
The book “The Secret Diary of Kasturba” has been authored by Neelima Dalmia Adhar. It’s an imaginary chronicle of the life of Kasturba, the wife of Father of Nation “Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi”. The book is written in a diary form with Kastur penning her experiences in Porbandar where she was born on April 11, 1869- six months before the birth of Mohandas Gandhi who was born in neighbourhood on October 2, 1869 and, early life with young Mohandas, her days in Africa and Mohandas’s rise as a mass leader. The book tries to tell the world what it meant to Kasturba to be wife of Mahatma Gandhi.

Notes:
“Mahatma Gandhi and His Myths: Civil Disobedience, Nonviolence, and Satyagraha in the Real World” was written by Mark Shepard. The book discussed about the exact implicit meaning nonviolent action of Gandhiji.

Notes:
The golden peace dove is a symbol of peace and reconciliation. It is often depicted as a white dove with a golden olive branch in its beak, representing the biblical story of the dove that returned to Noah’s ark with an olive branch, signaling the end of the flood and the beginning of a new era of peace. The golden peace dove is used as a symbol by various organizations and movements that promote peace and non-violence, and it is often associated with the broader concept of pacifism.

Notes:
The name of the upper house of the European union is Council of the European Union. It is composed of twenty-eight national ministers (one per state).

Notes:
The United Nation Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre is an executive agency of UN Environment Programme, which is based in Cambridge (UK). It was previously managed by IUCN, UN Environment Programme and WWF.

Notes:
Formerly UN had six principal active organs. UN Trusteeship Council suspended its operations in 1994

Notes:
The Rapid Action Force (RAF) is a specialized unit of the Indian Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF). It was established in 1991 in response to the growing need for a quick-response force that could be deployed in situations of communal violence, riots, and other forms of civil unrest. The RAF is trained in riot control and crowd management techniques, and is equipped with specialized non-lethal weapons and equipment. The unit is made up of personnel from various state police forces, and is known for its professionalism and effectiveness in dealing with volatile situations.

Notes:
Austria was annexed into Nazi Germany in 1938, an event known as the Anschluss. The annexation lasted until 1945, when the Allied Powers removed Austria from the Third German Reich. The provisional Austrian government, led by Karl Renner, declared the country’s independence after the fall of the Third Reich.

Notes:
AFSPA became a law on September 11, 1958. Initially, it was applicable to the seven Northeastern states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura. This was so because in all these states there were movements of ethnic groups demanding separation from India. The government felt that such insurgencies could be checked through deployment of the armed forces, and they would need special powers to carry out their responsibilities. AFSPA was extended to J&K in 1990, on similar considerations.