International Organizations, Defence, Books & Authors, World History

Notes:
Bastille Day, which is the French National Day, is celebrated on July 14th each year. It commemorates the anniversary of the storming of the Bastille fortress-prison in Paris on July 14, 1789, which marked a pivotal moment in the French Revolution. The event is considered a symbol of the French people’s uprising against the monarchy and the beginning of the end of absolute monarchy in France.

Notes:
Treaty of Portsmouth ended the Russo-Japanese War in 1905. The treaty was signed on September 5, 1905 at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine. The treaty was signed by Japanese and Russian diplomats after negotiations from August 6 to August 30. The treaty ended the war that began in 1904. The war was caused by Russian and Japanese expansionism in the Far East. The war contributed to domestic unrest in both countries, which led to the Russian revolution of 1905. U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt was instrumental in the negotiations and won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts.

Notes:
International Literacy Day is observed annually on September 8. Established by UNESCO in 1966, this day aims to raise awareness about the importance of literacy for individuals and communities. The date was chosen to highlight the significance of literacy as a fundamental human right and a key to sustainable development.

Notes:
The correct answer is “A bank for central banks.” The Bank for International Settlements (BIS), established in 1930, serves as a bank for central banks, facilitating international monetary and financial cooperation. It provides a forum for central banks to exchange information and collaborate on financial stability. The BIS also conducts research and offers banking services to central banks, making it a pivotal institution in the global financial system.

Notes:
Apartheid was a system of racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 to the early 1990s. The National Party governed South Africa from 1948 until 1994. During this time, South Africa was a partial democracy because non-white people were barred from voting after 1958.
The Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM) was a British organization that opposed the South African apartheid system. The AAM supported South Africa’s non-white population who were persecuted by the policies of apartheid.
Nelson Mandela was sworn in as President of South Africa in 1994. He was known for his internal resistance to apartheid.

Notes:
International Women’s Day is observed on March 8 each year. This date was officially recognized by the United Nations in 1977, although its roots trace back to the early 20th century, with the first official celebration occurring in 1911. The day highlights women’s achievements and advocates for gender equality globally.

Notes:
Egypt and Syria formed the United Arab Republic (UAR) in 1958. The UAR was a sovereign state that was intended to be the first step toward a pan-Arab union. The union was short-lived, ending in 1961 when Syria seceded. Egypt continued to be known as the United Arab Republic until 1971.  The UAR was formed as a single political unit with Gamal Abd al-Nasser as its president. Nasser gave each province two vice-presidents. The provisional constitution of 1958 was adopted. The United States recognized the UAR on February 25, 1958.

Notes:
Coast Guard Stations are facilities operated by the Indian Coast Guard, which is a branch of the Indian Armed Forces. The Coast Guard is responsible for maritime security and law enforcement in India’s territorial waters, as well as for the protection of the country’s maritime interests. Coast Guard Stations are typically located along the coast and are equipped with boats, ships, and other equipment necessary for carrying out the Coast Guard’s duties. These stations may also serve as training centers for Coast Guard personnel and as bases for search and rescue operations. Maximum Coast Guard stations have been established in Gujarat.

Notes:
The Economic Community of West African States, also known as ECOWAS, is a regional political and economic union of fifteen countries located in West Africa. The 15 members are Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cote d’Ivoire, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo.

Notes:
The book “Taj-ul-masir” was penned by Sadruddin Mohammad Hassan Nizami, popularly known as Hasan Nizami. The book, written in the Turki language, notably deals with political events in North India from approximately 1192 AD to 1228 AD. It offers a thorough examination of the reign of Sultan Qutub-ud-din Aibak, the founder of the Slave dynasty, and the early rule of Iltumish, Sultan Qutub-ud-din Aibak’s son-in-law.