International Organizations, Defence, Books & Authors, World History

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The Universal Health Coverage Day (UHCD) is observed annually on December 12 to promote the human right to health. The day is the anniversary of the first unanimous United Nations resolution calling for all nations to provide for their citizens affordable, quality health care and is promoted by the World Health Organization (WHO).

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National Education Day of India is celebrated on 11 November every year to commemorate the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the first education minister of independent India, who served from 15 August 1947 until 2 February 1958. 

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The headquarters of the Eastern Air Command of the Indian Air Force is located in Shillong, Meghalaya. The Eastern Air Command is one of the five operational commands of the Indian Air Force, and is responsible for the air defense of eastern India and parts of north-eastern India.

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The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was an international treaty which was organized in 1987. The UN General Assembly celebrate 16th September in memory of the date in 1987 when nations inked the Montreal Protocol.

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The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) developed the Transnationality Index (TNI). The TNI is used to rank multinational corporations. It is calculated as the average of three ratios:

1. The ratio of foreign assets to total assets
2. The ratio of foreign sales to total sales
3. The ratio of foreign employment to total employment

The TNI has been used since 1990 to rank the world’s 100 largest non-financial TNCs. It can be used for comparative analysis with similar surveys conducted in other countries.

The TNI has shown that the average index value for developing economies’ TNCs has increased over time.

Notes:
National Voters Day in India is celebrated on January 25th. This day is celebrated to promote participation of the citizens in the political process. It was first celebrated in the year 2011 to mark the commission’s foundation day. Prioritizing the participation of the youth in the electoral process is the main focus of this celebration as the Indian Election Commission was established on this day in 1950.

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Tenali Ramakrishna wrote Panduranga Mahatyam ( one of the Pancha maha kavyas of Telugu literature). The book contains a legendary account of a shrine of Vishnu as Panduranga, at Pandharpur consecrated by the ministration of Saint Pandarika. He was one of the Ashtadiggajas or the eight poets at the court of Krishnadevaraya, the Vijayanagara emperor.

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The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) has adopted Resolution 2427 to protect children in armed conflict. It aimed at providing legal framework for mainstreaming protection, rights, well-being and empowerment of children throughout the conflict cycle. The resolution 2427, which won unanimous approval of the 15 members of the council, strongly condemns the recruitment and use of children by parties to armed conflict as well as their re-recruitment, killing and maiming, rape and other forms of sexual violence, and abductions. It demands that all relevant parties immediately put an end to such practices and take special measures to protect children. The resolution also emphasizes the responsibility of all states to put an end to impunity and to investigate and prosecute those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and other egregious crimes perpetrated against children. The council was chaired by Swedish Prime Minister Stefan Lofven.

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There are only 105 honorary members of International Olympic Committee with 2 honour members namely USA and Senegal.

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Commonwealth of Nations is a political organization with 56 member states. The Commonwealth was formed to maintain an association between countries that were once part of the British colonies. Although the Commonwealth has historical ties to the British Empire, any country can apply to be a member.
The Commonwealth is made up of independent countries from Africa, Asia, the Americas, Europe, and the Pacific. The Commonwealth’s members have a combined population of 2.4 billion people, almost a third of the world’s population. 94% of the Commonwealth’s population lives in either Asia or Africa.
The Commonwealth’s 55th and 56th members are Gabon and Togo, both former French colonies.