Indian Geography MCQs

Notes:
The Ganga River, originating from the Gangotri glacier in Uttarakhand, is the longest river in India. Its course runs through several states in India before it debouches into the Bay of Bengal. It spans over an impressive 2,525 kilometres, playing a vital role not just as a geographical feature but holding immense historical, cultural, and religious significance to millions of people.

Notes:
Port Blair is the capital of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and also the headquarters for the district of South Andaman and is the territory’s only notified town.

Notes:
The ‘O Horizon’, also known as the organic horizon, is the topmost layer of soil that contains decomposed organic matter and is hence referred to as ‘Humus’. This layer is critical in the soil ecosystem as it contributes nutrients and promotes microbial activity. The ‘A’ and ‘B’ Horizons, although important in their respects, do not contain as much organic matter and therefore are not considered to be the ‘Humus’ layer.

Notes:
The Jarawa are indigenous people of the Andaman Islands in India, primarily found in the western part of the South Andaman and Middle Andaman Islands. They are a relatively small tribe, with an estimated population of 250 to 400 individuals. The Jarawa lead a nomadic lifestyle, hunting wild pigs and monitor lizards with traditional methods like bows and arrows. They rely entirely on the forest and sea for their food. The Jarawa are one of four Negrito tribes in the Andaman Islands, and there are also two Mongoloid tribes in the Nicobar Islands.

Notes:
Gondwana Rock System comprises the major coal deposits of India. This system contains famous Damuda and Panchet series which are famous for coal deposits (discussed below). The important coal bearing areas of this series are Raniganj, Jharia, Karanpur, and Bokaro of the Damodar basin in Odisha, and the Pench valley in Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh, the jhingurda coal seam (Chhattisgarh).

Notes:
The river known as Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet is the Brahmaputra. It originates from the Angsi Glacier in Tibet and flows through India and Bangladesh, where it is known as the Brahmaputra. The river is notable for its deep gorges and is one of the major rivers in the world, playing a crucial role in the ecology and economy of the regions it traverses.

Notes:
The total resources of iron ore as per UNFC are placed at 25,249 million tonnes as on 1.4.2005. Out of these, the iron ore (hematite) resources are placed at 14,630 million tonnes of which 13,916 million tonnes (95 per cent) resources are distributed mainly in Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka and Goa. The resources of very high grade ore are limited and are restricted mainly in Bailadila sector of Chhattisgarh and to a lesser extent in Bellary-Hospet area of Karnataka and Barajamda sector in Jharkhand and Odisha. Iron ore (magnetite) resources are placed at 10,619 million tonnes of which only 59 million tonnes constitute reserves located mainly in Goa, Rajasthan and Jharkhand. The remaining 10,500 million tonnes (99 per cent), magnetite resources are under remaining resources category mainly in Karnataka (74 per cent) and Andhra Pradesh (14 per cent). Other deposits are located in Goa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Assam, Jharkhand, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Bihar, Maharashtra and Odisha. [India Year Book 2015]

Notes:
Narmada- Amarkantak Brahamputra – Jima Yangzong Glacier Godavari – Trimbakeshwar Krishna – Mahabaleswar Deber Lake is in Udaipur Rajasthan from where the Sabarmati lake rises.

Notes:
Geosyncline means a huge depression. Ganga Plain can be best described as a geosyncline. Peneplain means a more or less level land surface produced by erosion over a long period. Pediplain is an extensive plain formed in a desert by the coalescence of neighbouring pediments. Karst plain can be best described as limestone plain.

Notes:
For proper ecological balance 33% of forest land is recommended, but in India we have only 20.14% of forest coverage.