States PCS: Himachal Pradesh GK for HPPSC Exams

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Minister of State for Electronics and IT Shri Rajiv Chandrashekhar has launched Digital India RISC-V Microprocessor Program.

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Information about the republican states of the Buddha Age is based on the Pali and Sanskrit literary sources. The republics in the Indus basin were possibly the remnants of Vedic tribes, although some monarchies may have been followed by the republics. In case of Eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, people were possibly inspired by the old ideals of tribal equality. Being in the foothills of Himalayas, they did not possess much fertile land. They may have lacked enough economic surplus so as to stimulate the rise of monarchies. So, statement 1 is correct. In these republics, ruling class mostly belonged to the same clan and same Varna. These oligarchs annually gathered for assemblies where they took important decisions including appointment of Citizenship and the associated rights including entry into assemblies were very restricted in these republics. E.g. in the republics of Mallas and Kshudrakas, slaves and hired labourers were excluded. In a republican state on the Beas River in Punjab, only those were given membership who could supply at least one elephant to the state. So, statement 3 is incorrect.

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The farmers who had land, tilled their land, were called “Khudakasht”. These farmers had to pay their land revenue at the customary rates.

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The Great or Inner Himalayas or the Himadri is the most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks with an average height of 6,000 metres. In the Himachal or lesser Himalaya, altitude varies between 3,700 and 4,500 metres and the average width is of 50 Km. The Shiwaliks extend over a width of 10-50 Km. and have an altitude varying between 900 and 1100 metres.

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In mountainous areas, the decrease in temperature with increasing altitude leads to a corresponding change in natural vegetation. Mountain forests can be classified into two types, the northern mountain forests and the southern mountain forests. The Himalayan ranges show a succession of vegetation from the tropics to the tundra, which change in with the altitude. Deciduous forests are found in the foothills of the Himalayas. It is succeeded by the wet temperate type of forests between an altitude of 1,000-2,000 m.

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The Luhri Stage 1 Hydro Power Project is a 210 MW facility on the Satluj River, generating over 750 million units of electricity annually. The Dhaulasidh Hydro Power Project, the first in Hamirpur district, will be built on the Beas River. The Sawra-Kuddu Hydro Power Project is under construction on the Pabbar River in Shimla district. The Subansiri Lower HE Project, India’s largest hydroelectric project, is a run-of-river scheme on the Subansiri River near North Lakhimpur, bordering Arunachal Pradesh and Assam.

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Dhawan-I and Dhawan-II are cryogenic engines that have been in the news. The Dhawan-I was India’s first privately developed cryogenic engine. It runs on liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquid oxygen (LOX). The Dhawan-II is a 3D-printed cryogenic engine that was developed by the Indian company Skyroot Aerospace. The Dhawan-II was test-fired for a record 200 seconds. It will be used as the upper stage of the updated version of the Vikram-2.