World’s First Global Cooling Pledge

December 9, 2023

Sixty-three countries, including the US, Canada, and Kenya, joined forces at COP28 to make history by signing the Global Cooling Pledge. This landmark commitment aims to slash cooling emissions by at least 68% by 2050. With cooling emissions currently accounting for 7% of global greenhouse gases, the pledge addresses the urgent need for action as these emissions are expected to triple by 2050.

Cooling Emissions and Global Warming

Cooling emissions originate from refrigerants, commonly found in appliances like air conditioners and refrigerators, and the energy used for cooling. The rise in global temperatures is set to intensify the demand for cooling, leading to a surge in cooling emissions. Let’s delve into the details.

The Role of Refrigerants

Refrigerants, also known as coolants, facilitate the cooling process by rapidly changing their state. Historically, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were widely used until their detrimental impact on the ozone layer led to the 1987 Montreal Protocol. Although CFCs were replaced by hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), these alternatives, while ozone-friendly, contribute significantly to global warming.

The Environmental Impact of HFCs and HCFCs

HFCs and HCFCs, the successors to CFCs, may not harm the ozone layer, but they are potent greenhouse gases. For instance, HFC-134a, commonly used in domestic fridges, has a global warming potential 3,400 times that of CO2. Improper disposal of appliances containing these refrigerants results in significant emissions, contributing to global warming.

Cooling Emissions from Appliances

Leakage of HFCs and HCFCs occurs mainly when appliances are damaged or improperly disposed of. Ninety percent of refrigerant emissions happen at the end of an appliance’s life, exacerbating the environmental impact.

Major Contributor

The electricity used to power cooling appliances is another substantial source of cooling emissions. Fossil fuels, responsible for over 75% of greenhouse gas emissions, play a significant role in electricity production worldwide, especially in developing countries.

A Vicious Cycle

While cooling emissions currently constitute a relatively small portion of global greenhouse gases, escalating global temperatures are expected to change this. As temperatures rise, the demand for cooling will surge, creating a destructive feedback loop that intensifies global warming.

Global Response and Solutions

Countries recognize the urgency of addressing cooling emissions. The Kigali Amendment, signed in 2016, commits over 150 nations to an 80% reduction in HFC consumption by 2047. This reduction could prevent more than 0.4 degrees Celsius of global warming by 2100. The use of climate-friendly chemicals and proper disposal of refrigerants are crucial steps. Additionally, focusing on alternative cooling methods, such as improved insulation and better ventilation, is essential for a sustainable future.

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