World Chagas Disease Day

Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a life-threatening illness caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). This disease is mostly present in endemic regions of 21 continental Latin American countries, where it is transmitted through contact with infected blood-sucking triatomine bugs’ faeces and/or urine (vector-borne transmission). However, it can also be transmitted through infected donor organ transplants, laboratory mishaps, congenital (mom-to-child) transmission during pregnancy or childbirth, and transfusions of infected donor blood or blood products.

World Chagas Disease Day

World Chagas Disease Day is observed every year on April 14 to raise awareness about Chagas Disease. This date was chosen to commemorate the discovery of the first human case of Chagas disease, which was diagnosed by Brazilian doctor and researcher Carlos Ribeiro Justiniano Chagas on April 14, 1909. The theme for World Chagas Disease Day 2023 was “Time to integrate Chagas disease into primary health care,” reflecting the importance of early detection and treatment of this disease.

Prevalence and Treatment

As per the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) estimates, approximately 70 million people in the Americas live in areas of exposure and are at risk of contracting this disease. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), around 6-7 million people are infected with Chagas disease worldwide, with 10,000 deaths every year.

Two antiparasitic medicines – Benznidazole and Nifurtimox – can be used to treat Chagas Disease. Both of these medicines are almost 100% effective in curing the disease if consumed immediately after infection, including cases of congenital transmission. However, pregnant women or people with kidney or liver failure should not take these medicines. Nifurtimox is also contraindicated for patients with neurological or psychiatric disorders.

Month: Current Affairs – April, 2023

Category: Important Days & Events Current Affairs