What is Semicryogenic Engine?

March 31, 2025

Recently, ISRO achieved breakthrough in space propulsion technology with the successful hot test of its Semicryogenic engine. This engine is designed to power the Semicryogenic booster stage of the Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3) and boasts a thrust of 2,000 kN. The test, conducted at the ISRO Propulsion Complex in Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu, validated various critical subsystems and marked a very important step towards enhancing India’s space capabilities.

About Semicryogenic Engine

The Semicryogenic engine uses Liquid Oxygen and Kerosene as propellants. These non-toxic and non-hazardous materials provide enhanced performance compared to the existing L110 liquid stage. The new engine, designated SE2000, is expected to increase the payload capacity of LVM3 from 4 tonnes to 5 tonnes in Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).

Hot Test Achievements

On March 28, 2025, the hot test demonstrated smooth ignition and operational efficiency for 2.5 seconds. The test focused on validating the integrated performance of subsystems such as the pre-burner and turbo pumps. All engine parameters met expectations, indicating readiness for further testing.

Subsystems of the Engine

The SE2000 engine comprises several major subsystems. These include the thrust chamber, pre-burner, turbo pump system, control components, and start-up system. Each subsystem underwent rigorous qualification tests before integration into the Power Head Test Article (PHTA).

Test Facility and Future Plans

The Semicryogenic Integrated Engine Test facility (SIET) at the Propulsion Research Complex was inaugurated in February 2024. This facility is crucial for qualifying the engine and stage. Further tests on the PHTA will assess the propellant feed system, including turbo-pumps and the pre-burner.

Challenges in Development

Developing high-thrust semicryogenic engines poses challenges. The technology is rare and available to only a few nations. The engine hardware must endure extreme temperatures and oxidiser-rich combustion. Collaboration with Indian industries has been essential in realising this complex technology.

Significance

The development of the Semicryogenic engine represents a leap forward for India’s space ambitions. It will enable ISRO to launch heavier payloads and support more ambitious missions. This advancement positions India as a formidable player in the global space industry.

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