Water Contamination Crisis in India

March 15, 2025

Recently, a parliamentary committee raised alarms about water contamination across India. The Standing Committee on Water Resources reported that over 11,000 habitations in multiple states lack adequate measures to address pollutants like iron, nitrate, and heavy metals. This situation poses health risks to the affected populations. The report calls for immediate and long-term solutions to ensure safe drinking water.

Extent of Contamination

The report marks that 11,348 habitations across 96 districts in seven states are affected by water quality issues.
States like Punjab are particularly concerning due to uranium contamination. In Punjab, 32 habitations in nine districts are affected.
Interim measures have been implemented in some areas, but many remain without any action.

Government Response

The government has extended the Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen) Phase II until 2025-26. This initiative aims to maintain Open Defecation Free (ODF) status and improve waste management in rural areas. Despite this, the committee noted underutilisation of funds, with only 33% of the revised budget spent in the financial year 2024-25.

Community Involvement

The Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation plans to shift from a department-based approach to a service delivery model. This model emphasises community participation, known as “Jan Bhagidhari.” The government aims to sign memorandums of understanding with states to ensure reliable water service delivery.

Challenges in Implementation

Delays in the new fund release system have been identified as a major obstacle. The integration with the Reserve Bank of India’s e-Kuber platform has not been smooth. The committee also stressed the need for better pre-budget planning to avoid drastic budget cuts at the revised estimate stage.

Future Directions

To ensure long-term sustainability, the government must accelerate efforts to improve water quality and coverage. The Jal Jeevan Mission and Swachh Bharat Mission must meet their ambitious targets. Enhanced planning and execution are crucial for improving the quality of life in rural India.

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