Values Theory of Schwartz

The values theory (Schwartz) defines ten broad values according to the motivation that underlies each of them.

Power

Power takes value from social status and prestige. The ability to control others is important and power will be actively sought through dominance of others and control over resources.

Achievement

Value in achievement comes from setting goals and then achieving them. The more challenge, the greater the sense of achievement. When others have achieved the same thing, status is reduced and greater goals are sought.

Hedonism

Hedonists simply enjoy themselves. They seek pleasure above all things and may, according to the view of others, sink into debauchery.

Stimulation

The need for stimulation is close to hedonism, though the goal is slightly different. Pleasure here comes more specifically from excitement and thrills and a person with this driver is more likely to be found doing extreme sports than propping up a bar.

Self-direction

Those who seek self-direction enjoy being independent and outside the control of others. The prefer freedom and may have a particular creative or artistic bent, which they seek to indulge whenever possible.

Universalism

The Universalist seeks social justice and tolerance for all. They promote peace and equality and find war anathema except perhaps in pursuit of lasting peace.

Benevolence

Those who tend towards benevolence are very giving, seeking to help others and provide general welfare. They are the ‘earth mothers’ who nurture all.

Tradition

The traditionalist respects that which has gone before, doing things simply because they are customary. They are conservatives in the original sense, seeking to preserve the world order as is. Any change makes them uncomfortable.

Conformity

The person who values conformity seeks obedience to clear rules and structures. They gain a sense of control through doing what they are told and conforming to agreed laws and statutes.

Security

Those who seek security seek health and safety to a greater degree than other people (perhaps because of childhood woes). Though they may worry about the potential of military force, they welcome the comfort that their existence brings.