India has not been able to implement land reforms in an efficient manner even after many decades. Enumerate the key hurdles in accomplishing land reforms in India. Also, discuss the advantages which can be reaped by accomplishing them in contemporary times.

Land Reforms refer to the redistribution of land resources in an equitable manner. At the time of independence, Aacharya Vinod Bhave and JP Narayan had led the Gramdan and Bhoodan movement with these noble ideas. Even our first Prime Minister ..

Throwing light on the role of off-budget borrowings, explain how it helps the government in raising funds for various expenditures. Also examine its desirability.

Off-budget borrowings refer to government borrowings not accounted in budget or fiscal deficit. These are borrowed by government agencies and/or PSUs from market or other innovative sources. E.g. FCI’s borrowings from market. Role in helping government raise funds: Enhance fiscal ..

Indian agriculture needs to move towards GM food crops, in order to ensure the food security of the country. Critically examine in context of concerns raised towards introduction of GM crops.

Recently, Genetically Modified food crops drew attention, as Indian-origin food shipments in European Union were found to violate GM content percentage. Genetically modified food crops are those in which modifications are introduced in their genes to enhance certain qualities like ..

National Hydrogen Mission can be a game changer for India’s rising energy demands. Discuss the benefits and challenges associated.

Finance Minister in budget of 2021-22 announced a National Hydrogen Mission to give a boost to Green Hydrogen fuel in India’s energy mix. India’s current energy status: Goal – 450 GW by 2030. Current status – 136 GW, 38% of ..

Globalization has ushered rapid GDP growth but it is also making world more and more unequal. Analyse.

Globalization is the process of international integration of nations, economically and socio-culturally. It has been an efficient tool for GDP growth: Globalization can increase the trade and growth of countries. With the formation of WTO, world trade grew by 64 ..

It is often argued that a circular economy has solutions to the economic problems in India. What are the principles on which circular economy is based? Discuss its relevance in India.

The circular economy is a concept, that involves using and reusing resources again and again, in contrast to the linear economy which is based on the use and throw model. The circular economy is based on the 5R principle: Reduce ..

India needs a targeted region-specific action plan in order to achieve an equitable distribution of fruits of prosperity, owing to its geographical diversity and varied levels of development across regions. Elaborate.

India has a wide variety of geographical challenges which are compounded further by the wide spread regional disparities. It has led some to opine that a targeted region-specific action plan is the way forward. Geographical Challenges: The complete North India ..

Integrated water resource management can address the problems related to water in India. Discuss.

IWRM refers to managing water and land resources in an integrated manner, taking the river sub-basin as the basic unit. National water policy 2012, brought in the concept of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM). Features of IWRM: River basin as ..

India needs to move from being an assembler to a manufacturer of microchips. In this context, identify the associated challenges and opportunities.

The Microchips refer to small sized semiconductor chips which are increasingly being used in day-to-day gadgets, appliances, devices, control systems, etc. Rise of 5G, artificial Intelligence and internet of things has given significant push to microchip industry. In this context, ..

Right marketing strategies and an efficient supply chain are imperative to make India a global food supply leader. Elucidate.

Despite being among countries with largest area under cultivation, India’s contribution to global agriculture exports is a meagre 2 to 3%. Opportunities for India: Second largest rice and wheat production. Largest Dairy producer in world. Second largest fisheries sector in ..