The chronic under-investment in Indian Railways has not only impacted its operation but also created hurdles in speedy creation of infrastructure. Examine the challenges and steps taken by the government in this regard.

Indian Railways is a lifeline of the nation. It provides affordable transport to poor passengers and carries 40% of freight traffic. Challenges in infrastructure creation: Lack of budgetary Support – Government is facing fiscal deficit constraints. Railways is thus suffering ..

An overhaul of Agro-R&D is imperative for fulfilling of India’s obligations of doubling farmer’s income. Comment.

The Agriculture sector requires robust R&D to improve livelihoods, by raising yields and quality. Therefore, there is a need for the following measures: Liberalising salary structures and promotion criteria of research institutions like Indian Council for Agricultural Research. Performance based ..

Outline the Direct & Indirect Tax Reforms in India in recent times.

Model Answer: The tax reforms in India began with the Chelliah Committee recommendations and later on, government appointed the Vijay Kelkar Committee in 2002 which further provided direction to the tax reforms in the country. Direct Tax Reforms PAN (Permanent ..

Livestock farming is crucial for increasing farmer’s income. However, it contributes to climate change and is also affected by it. Elaborate the statement and discuss some measures that can be taken to make livestock farming more sustainable as well as climate resilient.

Livestock farming is practiced by 60% of the rural population. It acts as a secondary source of income for farmers. It is one of the major contributors of greenhouse gases like methane, however, it is affected by global climate change ..

Discuss the tenancy reforms in independent India throwing light on their achievements.

Tenancy reforms aimed to regulation of rent, providing security of tenure and conferring ownership to tenants. Regulation of Rent: With the enactment of legislation for regulating the rent payable by the cultivators in the early 1950s, fair rent was fixed ..

Indian agriculture faces a new set of problems due to changing land holding pattern. Discuss its consequences and suggest ways to resolve such structural issues in agriculture.

Changing land holding pattern is one of the major problems in Indian agriculture sector. Changing land holding pattern: Land fragmentation – resulting in decreased revenue. Small land holdings – Inability to use large machinery. Prevalence of subsistence agriculture. Subleasing of ..

Critically examine the performance of Land Ceiling acts / reforms in Independent India.

Land ceiling means fixing maximum size of land holding that an individual or family can own. The land above the ceiling limit, called surplus land and the surplus land is distributed among small farmers, tenants, landless labourers or handed over ..

How is human capital different from human development? How can the process of human capital formation be accelerated?

Hint: Human capital refers to the skills, training, experience, education, knowledge, know-how, and competencies contributed by humans to a business, whereas human development in an economy is decided on the basis of composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita. Ways ..