Despite various reforms by the central and state governments to overhaul the urban local bodies (ULBs), several challenges remain with regard to their efficient functioning. Elucidate.

Urban local bodies (ULBs) were formed by the 74th Constitutional amendment act. Many reforms are brought by the central and state government to overhaul the ULBs like filling up vacancies, delegation of funds, etc. Despite this, several challenges remain like: ..

Objectively discuss the significance of the Indian Councils Act of 1861 in the context of administrative reforms and its impact on the decentralisation of legislative powers in British India.

The Indian Councils Act of 1861 marked a pivotal moment in the administrative and constitutional history of British India. This Act was instrumental in initiating representative institutions by involving Indians in the legislative process, a significant shift from previous policies. ..

Delineate the differences between pressure groups and interest groups. Elaborate how pressure groups influence government decisions and policy-making in India.

Pressure groups are voluntary non-profit organizations of people working towards common or similar interests. Pressure groups work independently from the government. Interest groups are the groups of people who work for their own interests and try to influence policy-making and ..

Delivery of public goods and services at the grassroot level has remained ineffective in India due to various issues faced by local self governance. Highlight the issues and suggest remedial measures.

Institutions of local self governance were established by the 73rd and 74th Constitutional amendment act of India. Their effectiveness in the modern times has been questioned. Issues faced by local institutions: Lack of proper financial and political power devolution. E.g. ..

Highlighting the process of delimitation in India, throw some light on the debate surrounding it in India.

Delimitation is the process of rationalization of constituencies after each census. So that equal representation of people from each constituency can be maintained (under article 82). Process: After each census, the population of the country, state and district is updated. ..

Few key reforms are needed in the Representation of Peoples Act to make electoral system of India robust and fair. Discuss in the context of contemporary issues.

The electoral system in India traces power from the Constitution which established the election commission as the main authority responsible for elections. In contemporary times, electoral system faces certain key issues: Use of money and muscle power. Rising criminalisation of ..

Evaluate the impact of the National Green Tribunal’s exclusion of certain key environmental laws, such as the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, on its efficiency and overall effectiveness in environmental governance.

The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has significantly influenced India’s environmental governance since its inception in 2010. Tasked with expedient resolution of cases pertaining to environmental laws, it supports the enforcement of several critical acts. However, the exclusion of key legislations ..

The NGT is a unique institution with a role going beyond mere adjudication and having a capacity to provide redressal for environmental exigencies. Analyze.

The NGT was established in 2010 with an aim to provide faster resolution of environmental disputes. The role of NGT is not limited to merely adjudication but extends beyond: It has the capacity to suo-moto take cognizance of any issue ..