What are "minority institutions"? How are they different from other institutions? Discuss in the light of constitutional provisions.

Article 30 of the Indian constitution defines minority institution as institutions which are established and administered by the religiously or linguistically minority communities. Minority institutions are differed from other institutions in several ways as follows: Establishment of a minority institution ..

Elucidate the distribution of legislative powers in India between centre and states in the light of articles 200, 245, 246, 356 and 357.

Indian constitution provides Federal frame work between centre and states. So the constitution clearly divides legislative powers between centre and states. However, constitution gave more powers to parliament in legislative and executive spheres. Some of the articles like 200, 245, ..

"During the first two decades of republic of India, the key attributes and highlights of Parliament were discourse and debate on issues of national importance. With the passage of time, this appears to have eroded and diminished." Do you agree with this view? Give arguments.

Parliament acts as highest law making body and a platform for discussion and debate on key economic policies of the Country. It is in the parliament that the opposition and people’s representative hold government responsible for its act of omission ..

The powers and privileges given to the legislature are essential for discharging their duties, however, there is a need to maintain balance between legislative privileges and fundamental rights.

The parliamentary privileges are key to effective, independent and efficient functioning of the parliament and its members. Source of Privileges: Article 105 of constitution. Constitutional conventions. Judicial decisions. Influence of British parliament. Significance: Individual Freedom of speech and expression – ..

As per Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR)'s report, 77% of total income of two major parties in India is from unknown sources. In this context what is section 29 C of Representation of People's act? How is this legal provision misused to fund political parties anonymously? Suggest measures to ensure transparency in funding ? Also, discuss the possibilities of state funding of elections.|

ADR, which works for electoral reforms reported that in the fiscal year 2016,  77% of total income of two major political parties came from unknown sources. Such “income from unknown sources” refers to that income where for donations are less than ..

Over the last 3 years, more than half the centrally sponsored schemes have been discontinued/ rationalized. Examine the impact of these measures.

A continued reduction in the number of schemes by the government under various ministries has been observed in the last few years. Over 50% of Central government sponsored schemes have been either discontinued, subsumed, redesigned or rationalized into other schemes ..

Many of India's biggest industrial houses have taken advantage of a new law to set up electoral trusts but the transparency in corporate donations to political parties still remains a major issue."" Discuss critically."

Section 13B of Income Tax Act 1961 provides that the companies looking to provide funding to political parties can set up, Electoral Trust which would be a non-profit company. Tax benefits were provided to such companies who fund political outfits ..

While keeping Rajasthan's Panchphal Yojana in focus, critically discuss how innovative solutions can augment resources and multi-dimensional benefits for panchayats?

The real intention behind 73rd constitutional amendment act was to ensure power devolution to the 3rd tier so that they can act as local self-government unit. However one of the major issues is the lack of adequate financial sources.Innovative solutions ..