The use of non-violence was the most important reason for African Americans gaining improved civil rights in the years 1960-8. How far would you agree with this statement?

While considering Mutiny of 1857 as the first war of Independence, we generally accept Mangal Pandey as the first martyr of Indian freedom struggle. However, there were many others who revolted (against British) even before 1857. Elucidate the role of some of such unsung heroes whose martyrdom / revolt pre-dates 1857.

There were several uprisings before 1857 such as Sanyasi and Fakir rebellion, Paika Rebelion, Santhal rebellion and so on; each of them led by many unsung heroes. This apart, there were many Indians including employees of Rajas and Nawabs who ..

Most invaders in medieval times came to India from High mountain passes of North while they could have entered through western plains or low mountains. Critically examine the statement while keeping focus on geographical and political reasons.

Most of the Muslim invasions came from Central Asia and Middle East via mountain passes particularly Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass. In terms of distance, these were proximate to the invaders in comparison to the western plains or sea coast. ..

Examine how the decline of traditional artisanal industry in colonial India crippled the rural economy.

Pre-colonial India had favorable foreign trade due to excellence in indigenous production. Indian artisans were famous all over the world for their skills.  There was large scale production on cotton and silk, jute, dyestuffs, mineral and metallic products like arms, ..

Discuss the key principles of Subsidiary Alliance System. To what extent, this system contributed in making the British Company the Supreme Sovereign Authority in India?

The key principles of subsidiary alliance system were as follows: A permanent subsidiary force would be stationed in the capital of friendly princely state For the upkeep of this force a smaller native state was asked to pay in cash ..

Explain why Malcolm X left the Nation of Islam.

Malcolm X was an African American Muslim minister and a popular human rights activist who took part in the civil rights movement. He was most popular because of his action as a vocal spokesman for the Nation of Islam. Joining ..

The British Colonial rule systematically broke the traditional system of community management of irrigation tanks in various parts of India. While taking Madras Compulsory Labor Act of 1858 as an example, discuss why the practices such as Kudimaramath did not flourish despite of state legislations.

Since ancient times, water management In India had been in the hands of local communities. Prior to Britishers, water management in South India was done through a system called “Kudimaramath” which means self-repair(maintenance by contributed labor). Britishers, for their economic ..

Why did the 'Moderates' fail to carry conviction with the nation about their proclaimed ideology and political goals by the end of the nineteenth century?

The moderates believed that the British basically wanted to be just to the Indians but were not aware of the real conditions. Therefore, there political activity majorly involved constitutional agitation within the confines of the law. They wanted to create ..

What were the major reformist and revivalist movements in 19th century India? How they were similar to, or different from each other? Discuss with suitable examples.

Some major reformist movements were Brahmo Samaj; Prarthana Samaj; Satya Sodhak Samaj; Aligarh movement; Young Bengal Movement and Ramakrishna mission. Some major revivalist movements were Arya Samaj; Deoband movement etc. The key similarity between these movements was that all of ..

"The British came neither as migrating hordes nor as armies seeking plunder, yet eventually they did more to transform India than any previous ruling power."Explain this apparent paradox.

This apparent paradox can be explained in the light of gradual and not sudden effects on political, economic, social and cultural spheres of India. Political Effects The political influence of British increased gradually and not suddenly. They came to India ..