What do you understand by the so called "Intended Nationally Determined Contributions"? Discuss their importance and analyze the India's stand on INDCs in recent times.

The countries commitment across the globe to create a new international climate agreement by the conclusion of the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Conference of the Parties (COP21) in Paris in December 2015 is called Intended Nationally Determined Contributions”
Under its INDCs, India has already pledged to

• Improve emissions intensity of its GDP by 33-35% by 2030 below 2005 levels.
• Increase the share of non-fossil fuels-based electricity to 40% by 2030

Enhance its forest cover which will absorb 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide by 2030