Comment on the significance of the Model Code of Conduct in ensuring electoral integrity in India.

The Model Code of Conduct (MCC) plays a decisive role in upholding the integrity of elections in India. Though not a statutory law, it is crucial for ensuring free and fair electoral processes. The MCC is activated as soon as the Election Commission of India (ECI) announces the election schedule and remains in effect until the completion of the election, including the caretaker government’s tenure.

• Prohibition of Casteism and Communalism: The MCC explicitly forbids political parties and candidates from making inflammatory speeches that could encourage hatred based on caste, religion, or language. This restriction is vital in a diverse society like India, where communal tensions can easily escalate.
• Bribery and Intimidation: The MCC strictly prohibits bribing or intimidating voters. This measure is essential for protecting the democratic rights of citizens and ensuring that their choices are free from coercion.
• Use of Government Resources: Ruling parties are barred from misusing government machinery for electioneering. This provision prevents incumbents from leveraging their position to gain an unfair advantage over opponents.
• Restrictions on Financial Grants: The announcement of new financial schemes during elections is prohibited to avoid influencing voter behaviour through monetary incentives.
• Control over Campaign Activities: The MCC regulates campaign activities, including loudspeakers and processions, to maintain public order and ensure that electoral campaigns do not disrupt daily life.

The effectiveness of the MCC is evident in various elections. For instance, during the 2019 General Elections, the ECI took stringent actions against violations, demonstrating the MCC’s importance in maintaining electoral integrity. By enforcing these guidelines, the MCC encourages a level playing field for all candidates, thereby enhancing public trust in electoral outcomes and reinforcing the democratic process in India.