How are plateaus formed? Also briefly discuss the features of the Deccan Plateau and its economic significance.

Plateau is a flat elevated landform which is higher than plains but not as high as mountains.

Formation of Plateau:

• Volcanism produces lava plateau. Ex. Deccan Plateau formation.
• Crustal shortening – thrusting of one rock on other and folding of rocks. Ex. Tibetan plateau.
• Expansion of hot material below surface leading to uplift of above surface. Ex. Abyssinian plateau.
• Plateau due to erosion of old mountains and other hilly areas.

Features of Deccan Plateau:

• Formed of basic Lava.
• Expands through Indian peninsula and covers vast amount of Indian Territory.
• Divided into various parts based on regional features.
• Black soil present.

Economic significance:

• Huge mineral resources present in plateau region. Ex. Chhota Nagpur Plateau – coal, iron, etc.
• Black soil has water retention capacity and hence cotton is grown extensively in this region.
• Coarse grain also grown in this region.
• Presence of various industries in the area.
• Rivers form fertile deltas and hence extensive agriculture taken up.
• Groundwater trapped in underlying rocks.
• Rock-cut architecture and tourist places, which attract people across world.

Deccan Plateau is one of the key areas of habitation and contributes to India’s economy.