Critically discuss the impact of Article 371A on the socio-political stability in Nagaland. How does it reflect the broader approach of the Indian government towards tribal autonomy?

Article 371A of the Indian Constitution has had a profound impact on the socio-political landscape of Nagaland. Introduced as part of the 16-point Agreement of 1960, which led to the creation of Nagaland as a separate state, this Article serves to uphold local customs and judicial practices that are integral to Naga tribes. It exempts Nagaland from any act of the Indian Parliament that may affect the religious and social practices of the Naga people, as well as customary law and procedure, unless the Nagaland Legislative Assembly decides otherwise.

• Political Stability: By granting legislative autonomy to Naga tribal bodies on matters related to their customary laws and practices, Article 371A has fostered a sense of self-governance among the Naga tribes. This mainstay has significantly contributed towards mitigating feelings of alienation among the Naga people, thus promoting greater political stability and peace within the region.
• Societal Integrity: The provision helps preserve Naga cultural heritage and identity by protecting their land rights and barring intervention from external influences in terms of religious and social norms, therefore reinforcing socio-cultural integrity and cohesiveness.

In the broader context, Article 371A reflects the Indian government’s tailored approach towards tribal autonomy within the framework of the Indian Union. It embodies a nuanced recognition of the unique cultural and social identities of indigenous communities, emphasizing the government’s intent to adopt a pluralistic and inclusive national policy. This is emblematic of a broader paradigm where diverse tribal identities co-exist with the overarching governance structure, ensuring that local traditions and laws are respected and integrated into the national legal framework. The approach signifies a blend of central oversight and regional autonomy geared towards maintaining national unity with respect for regional diversity.