Critically discuss the implications of consolidating multiple labour laws into a single Wage Code Bill on workers’ rights and employer obligations.

The Wage Code Bill is an important legislative reform in India, aiming to consolidate various labour laws into a more streamlined framework. The features of the bill reflect an intention to enhance workers’ rights while imposing clearer obligations on employers.

1. National Minimum Wage: The bill establishes a national minimum wage applicable across sectors, ensuring that all workers receive fair compensation irrespective of their employment type.
2. Advisory Boards: Central and state governments will form advisory boards to guide minimum wage fixation and promote employment opportunities for women, encouraging inclusivity.
3. Payment Mechanisms: The bill mandates payment of wages through digital means or cheques, promoting transparency and reducing the risks associated with cash transactions.
4. Grievance Redressal: It introduces an appellate authority to expedite grievance resolution, thus providing a quicker avenue for workers to seek justice.
5. Penalties for Offences: The code outlines specific penalties for employers violating wage regulations, reinforcing accountability and compliance.

The need for such a bill arises from the inadequacy of existing laws, which often exclude workers earning above ₹18,000 monthly and are limited to scheduled industries. The Second National Commission on Labour advocated for a consolidation of labour laws into four or five codes to enhance clarity and enforceability. In real life, the implementation of the Wage Code Bill could lead to improved living standards for millions of workers, as seen in countries with similar frameworks. For instance, Australia’s Fair Work Act has successfully increased compliance among employers, thereby enhancing workers’ rights. The Wage Code Bill, if effectively implemented, could similarly transform the Indian labour landscape, ensuring fair wages and improved working conditions for all.