Analyse the role of Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in India’s freedom struggle and his influence on the political and ideological landscape of the country. How did his actions and writings shape the discourse on nationalism and Hindutva?

Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, a prominent figure in India’s freedom struggle, played a significant role in shaping the political and ideological landscape of the country. Savarkar believed in the use of arms to liberate India from British rule and worked towards this objective by creating a network of Indians in England equipped with weapons. He founded the Abhinav Bharat Society and Free India Society to further his cause.

• Savarkar’s involvement in the Swadeshi movement showcased his commitment to the idea of self-reliance and economic nationalism. His patriotic speeches and activities led to the British Government withdrawing his B.A. degree, highlighting the impact of his actions on the colonial administration.
• In 1906, Savarkar left for London to become a Barrister. During his time there, he united and inspired Indian students to fight against British rule in India. His efforts to mobilize the Indian diaspora led to his arrest in London on March 13, 1910, and subsequent deportation to India.
• Savarkar’s imprisonment did not deter his supporters, and prominent freedom fighters such as Vithalbhai Patel, Mahatma Gandhi, and Bal Gangadhar Tilak demanded his release in 1920. This shows the respect and admiration he commanded among his contemporaries.
• While in Ratnagiri jail, Savarkar wrote the book “Hindutva: Who is Hindu?” which became a seminal text in the development of the Hindutva ideology. The book laid the foundation for the Hindu nationalist movement and continues to influence political discourse in India.
• Savarkar’s influence extended beyond his writings, as he served as the president of the Hindu Mahasabha from 1937 to 1943. Under his leadership, the organization played a significant role in shaping the Hindu nationalist narrative and mobilizing support for the cause.

Towards the end of his life, Savarkar’s commitment to his principles was evident in his decision to renounce medicines, food, and water, leading to his death through atmaarpan (fast until death). His article “Atmahatya Nahi Atmaarpan” (Not Suicide, But Self-Sacrifice) showcased his unwavering resolve and dedication to his beliefs.