In the light of the All India Survey on Higher Education 2018-19, discuss the social composition of teachers in the Higher Education Institutions.

The Ministry of Human Resource Development has released the All India Survey on Higher Education 2018-19.

The report is based on the survey which covers all the Institutions in the country engaged in imparting of higher education based on the parameters such as teachers, student enrolment, programmes, examination results, education finance, and infrastructure.

Social Composition of Teachers

Gender Composition

• Of the 14.16 lakh teachers, 57.85 per cent are male and 42.15 per cent are female.
• The skew in gender ratio was highest is recorded in Bihar, where the female-to-male ratio among teachers is 1:4, or about 21:79 in percentage terms.
• Jharkhand comes a close second with a roughly 30:70 female-to-male ratio among teachers of.
• In the state of Uttar Pradesh, less than a third (32.3%) of teachers are female.
• In states such as Kerala, Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Delhi and Goa, the number of female teachers is more than that of male teachers.

Post-Wise Gender Distribution

• Male teachers outnumber female teachers in most senior positions by large numbers.
• The ratio among demonstrators and tutors is 190:100 which implies that there are nearly two females in such posts for every male counterpart.
• Among temporary teachers, the breakup is almost equal, at 98 females per 100 males.

Caste Composition

• Teachers belonging to the general category represented more than half (56.7 per cent) of all teachers in India.
• OBCs followed with 32.1 per cent and the rest being Scheduled Castes (8.8 per cent) and Scheduled Tribes (2.4 per cent).
• About 5.4 per cent of the teachers belonged to the Muslim minority group and 9.2 per cent to other minority groups.
• The highest SC/ST proportions among teachers were at Andhra Pradesh (13.83 per cent SCs and 1.6 per cent STs), Maharashtra (11.39 per cent SCs and 1.52 per cent STs) and Telangana (11.17 per cent SCs and 3.5 per cent STs).

Institution Density, Gross Enrolment Ratio, Pupil-teacher ratio, Gender Parity Index, Per Student Expenditure are the indices Ministry of Human Resource Development calculates from the data collected through AISHE.