Who was Martin Luther and what did he do?

In the 16th century, the reformation or Protestant Reformation led to the ultimate assault upon the monopolistic power of the universal church. This great religious turmoil not only witnessed a great religious change, but also announced the beginning of a ..

What are key facts on Renaissance?

The increasing wealth, wider travel, and a greater knowledge of the outside world led to a new philosophy and outlook on life which is collectively called Renaissance. Up till now, the inspiration was mainly from the Church to have a ..

What were Crusades? How they led to development of Nation State?

In 11th and 12th century, there was a significant conflict {called Investiture Controversy} between Church and State. This mainly referred to challenges given by the successive Popes to the authority of monarchs. Initially, the Papal Authority {hegemony of church} prevailed ..

What were the three estates during medieval ages in Europe?

During the middle Ages, the social structure was strictly divided into three classes or “estates”.  The First Estate, composed of the ordained officers of the Church, from pope to parish priest and wandering monk, constituted a separate class claiming authority ..

How European Feudalism was Different from Indian Feudalism?

Since it was practically difficult to maintain strict control over the widespread lands; governance rested mainly in the hands of local nobility. Theoretically, the king owned the land which he granted to the nobles called Lords; who in return would ..

What was extent of Ancient Roman Empire?

From 2nd century BC to 5th century AD, the towns of Europe and Middle East were ruled by the Roman Empire. At its zenith, the Roman empire spread in east up to Greece, Turkey, Syria, Mesopotamia and Persia; in south ..

The National Sports Ethics Commission Bill, 2016

In the first half of 2016, the National Sports Ethics Commission bill was introduced in Lok Sabha as a private member bill by MP and BCCI secretary Anurag Thakur. It was tabled seeking to bring about legislative reform to help ..

Importance of Emotional Intelligence in Civil Services

The study of emotions in bureaucracy can be seen from the period of Max Weber. He said complete neutrality and absence of emotions for rational administration. But the recent has shown that rationality and emotions are not separate compartments in ..