Pressure Groups: Definition & Examples

A pressure group refers to any interest group that has members with common interests and these members making joint efforts to pressurise the formal political system to protect and pursue their interests. Pressure Groups do not make policy decisions, but ..

Removal of Governors in India: Provisions and Recommendations of Committees

As per Article 155 and Article 156 of the Constitution, a Governor of a state is appointed by the President, and he or she holds office “during the pleasure of the President” for a term of five years.   As President ..

Article 355 of the Constitution Explained

Article 355 entrusts the duty upon Union to protect the states against “external aggression” and “internal disturbance” to ensure that the government of every State is carried on in accordance with the provisions of Constitution. Over the period, this article ..

Centre’s Control Over State Legislation: Constitutional Provisions

In terms of law making powers, the constitution has done more favour to parliament than in states. It has kept state laws out of extra-territorial operation (article 245); it has given residuary power of legislation to parliament {article 249}; it ..

Article 245 of the Indian Constitution Explained

As per article 245, subject to this constitution, parliament can make laws for whole or part of territory of India. Territory of India includes states, UTs and other territories such as enclaves. The question is – Is this power absolute? ..

Doctrine of Territorial Nexus

Clause 1 of article 245 says- Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Parliament may make laws for the whole or any part of the territory of India and the Legislature of a State may make laws for the whole ..

Various Committees on Centre-State Relations in India

Till 1967, the relations between centre and states continued to be quite smooth because congress was in power both at the centre and most of the states. After that strains appeared because Congress lost power in many states and many ..

Implications of Emergencies on centre-state Financial Relations

The implications of emergencies on centre-state financial relations are as follows: During National Emergency During national emergency under article 352, the President can modify the distribution of revenues between the Centre and the states. This implies that transfer of finances ..