United Nations Reviews UNRWA

April 24, 2025

The ongoing humanitarian crisis in Gaza has intensified following recent Israeli actions against the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA). The UN has appointed British human rights activist Ian Martin to conduct a strategic review of UNRWA’s operations. This review aims to assess the agency’s effectiveness under current political and financial constraints. Despite Israel’s ban on UNRWA activities within its territory, the agency continues to provide essential services to millions of Palestinian refugees.

Background of UNRWA

UNRWA was established in 1949 by the UN General Assembly. Its primary goal is to assist Palestinians who fled or were expelled during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war and their descendants. The agency serves approximately 2.5 million Palestinians in Gaza, the West Bank, and East Jerusalem, as well as 3 million in Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon. It offers vital services such as healthcare and education.

Current Challenges Faced by UNRWA

UNRWA faces operational challenges due to Israeli restrictions. Recently, Israel ordered the closure of six UNRWA schools in East Jerusalem. Humanitarian deliveries to Gaza have been halted since March 2, exacerbating the situation for many refugees. The agency’s Commissioner-General, Philippe Lazzarini, has brought into light the severe impact of these restrictions on vulnerable populations, particularly women and children.

Allegations Against UNRWA Staff

Israel has accused UNRWA of harbouring staff members involved in militant activities. Following an internal investigation, UNRWA dismissed nine employees for potential links to Hamas. However, the evidence remains unverified. Israel claims that 19 staff members participated in the October 7 attack, which escalated the ongoing conflict. The lack of substantiated evidence raises questions about the validity of these allegations.

Humanitarian Response and International Reactions

The humanitarian situation in Gaza has deteriorated . Reports indicate that over 51,000 Palestinians have died since the onset of the conflict, with many casualties being civilians. UN officials have condemned the use of humanitarian aid as a bargaining tool in the ongoing conflict. Lazzarini has called for an end to the siege, emphasising that the current conditions amount to collective punishment.

The Role of the Strategic Review

The strategic review led by Ian Martin aims to evaluate how UNRWA can continue to serve Palestinian refugees effectively amid these challenges. UN spokesman Stephane Dujarric clarified that the review is not intended to alter UNRWA’s mandate but rather to enhance its operational capabilities. The findings are expected to be submitted by mid-June.

Future Prospects for UNRWA

The future of UNRWA remains uncertain. Israel suggests that other UN agencies could replace UNRWA, a claim that Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has disputed. The need for a robust humanitarian response in Gaza is critical, as the region grapples with deepening crises of hunger and health care access.

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