UK-EU Relations Post-Brexit

February 4, 2025

Recently, UK Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer is making progress in reshaping the relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union. His recent visit to Brussels marks the first time a British prime minister has engaged with EU leaders since Brexit. This visit aims to enhance cooperation in defence, security, crime, and trade amidst geopolitical challenges, including the ongoing war in Ukraine and the return of Donald Trump to the White House.

Brexit Overview

Brexit refers to the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union, formalised on January 31, 2020.
The referendum held on June 23, 2016, resulted in 51.9% voting to leave.
A transition period followed, ending on December 31, 2020, during which the UK and EU negotiated their future relationship.

The Current Political Landscape

Starmer’s government aims to establish a “reset” with the EU. The focus is on creating a better relationship without rejoining the single market or customs union. The government is under pressure from various political factions. Conservative leaders accuse Labour of attempting to re-enter the EU, while others call for more extensive negotiations.

Defence and Security Cooperation

The backdrop of the Ukraine conflict has intensified discussions on defence cooperation. The EU is acknowledging the need for greater self-reliance in defence, a sentiment echoed by the UK. Starmer emphasises the importance of targeting Russia’s economy to support Ukraine.

Trade Relations and Economic Implications

Negotiations include discussions on trade, particularly regarding food and animal products. The UK is exploring a potential alignment with the EU’s emission trading schemes. However, some proposals, like youth mobility schemes, may face political hurdles due to perceptions of freedom of movement.

The Role of the Pan-Euro-Mediterranean Convention

The UK is considering joining the Pan-Euro-Mediterranean Convention, which facilitates trade by removing customs on components sourced from member countries. This could benefit sectors like the automotive industry but may expose others to increased competition.

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