UGC-NTA NET Political Science – Indian Political Thought – Jawaharlal Nehru

The thoughts and philosophies of Jawaharlal Nehru laid the groundwork for modern Indian political ideology.  His life and work reflect a commitment to democracy, secularism, and socialism.

Biographical Overview

Jawaharlal Nehru was born on November 14, 1889, in Allahabad. He belonged to a distinguished family; his father, Motilal Nehru, was a prominent lawyer and nationalist leader. Nehru was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and the Inner Temple in London, where he studied law. He passed away on May 27, 1964.

Political Career

Nehru joined the Indian National Congress in 1919, marking the beginning of his active political life. He became a key leader in the Indian independence movement, advocating for self-rule. His political activism led to multiple imprisonments by the British colonial authorities. Following India’s independence in 1947, Nehru became the country’s first Prime Minister, serving until 1964. He was figure in the Non-Aligned Movement, promoting a policy of neutrality during the Cold War.

Philosophical Contributions

Nehru’s philosophical outlook was rooted in several key principles:

• Secularism: He advocated for a state that remains neutral in religious matters.
• Democracy: Nehru believed in a democratic framework that upheld civil liberties.
• Socialism: He supported a mixed economy, integrating both public and private sectors.
• Scientific Temper: Nehru emphasised rationalism and the importance of scientific thinking.
• Modernisation: He envisioned a progressive India through industrialisation and planning.

Key Works

Nehru was a prolific writer. His notable works include:

1. “The Discovery of India” (1946): This book delves into Indian history, culture, and philosophy.
2. “Glimpses of World History” (1934): A narrative that presents world history from an Indian perspective.
3. “Letters from a Father to His Daughter” (1929): A collection of letters discussing various topics for his daughter, Indira.

Political Ideology

Nehru’s political ideology was multifaceted:

• Secularism: He promoted a secular state that respects all religions.
• Democratic Socialism: He advocated for a balanced economy, combining public welfare and private enterprise.
• Nationalism: His vision of nationalism transcended regional and communal identities.
• Internationalism: Nehru supported global cooperation and opposed colonialism.

Foreign Policy

Nehru’s foreign policy was marked by several key initiatives:

• Non-Aligned Movement: He was instrumental in establishing this movement to maintain neutrality during the Cold War.
• Relations with China: Initially, he sought friendship with China through Panchsheel doctrine, but this led to the Sino-Indian War in 1962.
• Support for Anti-Colonial Movements: Nehru actively supported decolonisation efforts in Africa and Asia.

Legacy

Nehru’s legacy is deep. He was instrumental in shaping modern India’s political landscape. His vision of a secular, democratic, and socialist India continues to influence political discourse. Nehru’s policies laid the foundation for India’s economic and educational systems, promoting scientific advancement and social justice.

Criticism

Despite his contributions, Nehru faced criticism:

• Sino-Indian War: He was often criticised for his handling of the conflict with China.
• Economic Policies: Some viewed his economic strategies as overly idealistic and impractical.
• Secularism: Critics argued that his secularism neglected the cultural and religious sentiments of the majority.

Influence on Indian Political Thought

Nehru’s ideas have shaped Indian political thought:

• Democracy and Secularism: His principles remain foundational in Indian political discourse.
• Education and Scientific Advancement: Nehru’s emphasis on education has influenced policy-making in post-independence India.
• Pluralism: His vision of a pluralistic society continues to be a reference point in contemporary debates on nationalism and identity.

Important Quotes

Nehru’s words resonate with many. Notable quotes include:

• “At the dawn of history, India started on her unending quest, and trackless centuries are filled with her striving and the grandeur of her successes and her failures.”
• “What we really are matters more than what we say.”

Nehru’s legacy continues to inspire new generations, shaping the discourse around Indian identity and governance. His vision for a modern and progressive India remains relevant in ‘s political landscape.