The Age of the Satavahanas
Founding and Expansion
The Satavahanas, also known as the Andhras, were an important dynasty in ancient India that ruled primarily in the Deccan region and parts of central and southern India from approximately the 1st century BCE to the 3rd century CE. They rose to prominence after the decline of the Mauryan Empire and during the disruptions caused by foreign invasions in the northwest.
Territorial Extent
The Satavahana empire at its peak included parts of present-day Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka. Their strategic location enabled them to control important trade routes between northern and southern India, particularly those connecting the eastern and western coasts.
Administration and Social Structure
The Satavahanas administered a vast territory through a decentralized system of governance, where significant autonomy was given to local officials and village assemblies. This period saw the continued use of Brahmi script and Prakrit language in administration, evidencing a continuation of administrative practices from earlier times.
Economic Prosperity
Economically, the Satavahana period was marked by vibrant trade, both inland and overseas. They maintained active trade relations with the Roman Empire, as evidenced by the large quantities of Roman coins found in various parts of their empire. Trade in cotton, spices, and precious stones played a significant role in the economy, facilitated by their control of both the eastern and western coasts of India.
Cultural Contributions
Culturally, the Satavahanas are noted for their contributions to Indian art and architecture. They patronized the construction of stupas (Buddhist religious monuments), the most famous being the Amaravati Stupa in Andhra Pradesh. Their rule is also noted for advancements in sculpture, as seen in the detailed carvings and intricate artwork of the Sanchi Stupa and the sculptures in Nagarjunakonda.
Religious Patronage
The Satavahanas were unique in their religious tolerance and patronage. They supported Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, evident from inscriptions and architectural remains. This eclecticism in religious patronage helped in the peaceful coexistence of different religious communities under their rule.
Literature and Inscriptions
The Satavahanas also contributed to literature, particularly through the development of Prakrit poetry. The use of Prakrit language in court and in royal inscriptions helped in its development as a literary language. The Nashik and Karle inscriptions are crucial sources for understanding the history, culture, and economy of the Satavahana period.
Decline and Legacy
The decline of the Satavahanas was gradual and occurred due to internal strife and external pressures, particularly from the northern regions. Despite their decline, the legacy of the Satavahanas continued to influence later South Indian dynasties in terms of administrative practices, cultural contributions, and religious pluralism.
