Telangana Adopts Human Organ Transplantation Act

March 26, 2025

Recently, the Telangana Assembly adopted the Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act, 1994. This move aims to regulate organ transplantation and prevent illegal commercial dealings in human organs. The state previously had its own legislation, the Telangana Transplantation of Human Organs Act, 1995. However, the adoption of the Central Act, particularly its 2011 amendments, enhances regulatory measures and aligns Telangana’s laws with national standards.

Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act

The Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act, 1994 governs the removal, storage, and transplantation of human organs and tissues in India. It aims to ensure ethical practices in organ donation and transplantation. The Act outlines the roles of healthcare providers and hospitals, establishing penalties for violations.

Organ Donation Regulations

The Act allows organ transplants from deceased donors and living donors who are closely related to the recipient. Living donations from relatives such as parents, siblings, and spouses are permitted. Altruistic donations from distant relatives or friends require thorough scrutiny to prevent financial exchanges.

Provisions for Unrelated Donations

Donations from unrelated individuals necessitate documentation to prove a long-term relationship with the recipient. An external committee evaluates these cases to avoid illegal transactions. Stringent measures are in place to ensure that the integrity of the donation process is maintained.

Penalties for Violations

The Act imposes severe penalties for illegal activities related to organ transplantation. Offences such as offering payment for organs or facilitating illegal transactions can result in imprisonment for up to 10 years and fines of up to ₹1 crore. These penalties serve as a deterrent against commercialisation of organ donation.

Establishment of NOTTO

The National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organization (NOTTO) was established under the Directorate General of Health Services. NOTTO coordinates organ and tissue procurement and distribution across India. It plays important role in maintaining a national registry for organ donations and transplants.

Authorisation Committee and Evaluation Process

The 2014 rules stipulate the formation of an Authorisation Committee tasked with evaluating donor-recipient relationships. The committee ensures that no commercial transactions occur, especially in cases involving non-relatives. It also facilitates expedited evaluations for critically ill patients requiring urgent transplants.

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