Supreme Court Questions Food Security Inequality in India

March 20, 2025

The Supreme Court of India raised serious concerns regarding the disparity between reported economic growth and the high poverty levels in certain states. On March 19, 2025, Justice Surya Kant noted the contradiction of states claiming high per capita income while 70% of their populations live below the poverty line.

Public Distribution System Challenges

The Public Distribution System (PDS) is intended to provide subsidised food grains to the needy. However, the court expressed doubts about its effectiveness. Justice Kant brought into light issues such as corruption and mismanagement that hinder the system’s ability to reach its intended beneficiaries. The court emphasised that the poor have a fundamental right to adequate food under Article 21 of the Constitution.

Role of Government and Legal Obligations

The Additional Solicitor General reaffirmed the government’s commitment to food security under the National Food Security Act. Approximately 81.35% of the population is covered, with additional provisions for vulnerable groups. However, the court pointed out that many migrant workers remain outside this safety net, especially post-COVID-19, when unemployment surged.

Need for Comprehensive Ration Card Distribution

The Supreme Court has been actively involved in ensuring that ration cards are issued to migrant workers. There is a pressing need to include all eligible individuals in the ration system. The court has previously mandated that states expedite the distribution of ration cards to millions of workers registered on the e-Shram portal. This is crucial for providing food security and protecting the rights of the poor.

Importance of Accurate Census Data

The issue of outdated census data complicates the distribution of food security measures. The 2011 Census figures are no longer reflective of the current population. The court noted that an updated census is essential for accurate planning and implementation of welfare schemes. This would ensure that no eligible individual is left without access to food security.

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