Supreme Court of India – A People’s Court Evolution

January 30, 2025

The Supreme Court of India has undergone transformation since its inception in 1950. Celebrating 75 years, Chief Justice Sanjiv Khanna brought into light its role as a “true people’s court”. This transformation reflects its commitment to social, economic, and political justice.

Historical Context and Evolution

The Supreme Court was established on January 26, 1950, when the Constitution came into force.
Initially, it functioned from the old Parliament House before moving to its current location in 1958.
Over the decades, the court has adapted to the changing dynamics of Indian society.
Each decade marks changes in its approach to justice and rights.

Jurisprudential Changes Over the Decades

In the early years, the court viewed fundamental rights in isolation.
However, after the Emergency in 1975, its perspective shifted.
The 1990s marked a period of vigilance in protecting individual rights and addressing gaps in legislative and executive actions.
The court’s decisions have increasingly reflected the complexities of modern India, addressing a wide array of issues from personal liberty to environmental concerns.

Current Challenges Facing the Court

Despite its achievements, the Supreme Court faces three major challenges. First, the backlog of cases leads to delays in justice. Second, the rising costs of litigation hinder accessibility for the average citizen. Third, the prevalence of falsehood undermines the integrity of justice. Addressing these issues is crucial for the court’s continued effectiveness.

Impact on Socio-Economic Landscape

The Supreme Court has influenced India’s socio-economic landscape. Its rulings have added clarity and fairness to laws like the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code and the Arbitration and Conciliation Act. The court has also strengthened alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, promoting efficiency in legal processes.

Reflection of Democratic Values

The Supreme Court serves as a mirror to India’s democratic values. Its judgments reflect the pulse of the nation and respond to societal needs. The court’s evolution is not just legal but also cultural, embodying the aspirations of 1.4 billion Indians.

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