Sundarbans Groundwater Crisis

March 24, 2025

The Sundarbans, a vast mangrove forest located at the delta of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers, faces a severe groundwater crisis. This unique ecosystem, a UNESCO World Heritage site since 1987, is home to diverse flora and fauna, including the Bengal tiger. Recent studies indicate alarming rates of groundwater depletion, primarily due to illegal extraction for agriculture.

Geographical and Ecological Importance

The Sundarbans covers approximately 140,000 hectares. It features a complex network of tidal waterways, mudflats, and islands. This area supports 260 bird species and several endangered species, including the estuarine crocodile and Indian python. The mangroves provide critical habitats for numerous aquatic, terrestrial, and amphibian species.

Groundwater Depletion Trends

Research indicates that groundwater levels in the Sundarbans are decreasing at an alarming rate. Studies show a decline of 1 to 2 metres annually in areas like Basanti. This depletion is primarily attributed to illegal groundwater extraction for irrigation, especially during the dry season.

Climate Change

Climate change exacerbates the water crisis. Saline water intrusion from cyclones and rising sea levels threatens freshwater sources. After extreme weather events, the groundwater table becomes increasingly saline, worsening water security for local residents.

Illegal Water Extraction Practices

A portion of extracted groundwater is sold illegally for agricultural use. In Basanti block, around 783 shallow wells draw an estimated 28 million litres daily for irrigation. This practice has led to a lucrative but illegal water trade, estimated to generate Rs 3 to 4 crore annually.

Community Response and Protests

Local communities are beginning to mobilise against illegal water extraction. On World Water Day, over 500 residents protested in Basanti, demanding action from authorities. They seek to halt the illegal practices that jeopardise their access to clean water.

Government and Expert Intervention

Experts and local organisations are advocating for urgent measures to address the groundwater crisis. Studies are being conducted to monitor water levels and assess the impact of extraction. Authorities are urged to enforce regulations against illegal water extraction and promote sustainable practices.

Future Prospects

The Sundarbans faces a critical juncture. Without intervention, the region may experience severe water shortages. Sustainable management practices are essential to preserve this unique ecosystem and ensure water security for its inhabitants.

« Previous Post Next Post »