Scientists Discover New Mechanism for Protein Regulation in Cells

September 30, 2024

Scientists at the Biotechnology & Innovation Council — Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (BRIC-CDFD) in Hyderabad have discovered a new process involving the Wntless (WLS) protein, which is crucial for the development of organs in animals with backbones (vertebrates). This discovery helps explain how proteins move inside cells.

The Role of Wntless (WLS)

WLS is a protein found in cell membranes and is important for releasing another protein called Wnt3a. Wnt3a helps with signalling that guides the early stages of organism development. WLS ensures that proteins go to the right places in the cell, helping organs like the intestines, lungs, inner ear, and eyes develop properly.

Protein Recycling and Breakdown

Cells keep WLS levels in check by either recycling or breaking it down depending on what the cell needs. The researchers found that when EYA proteins are missing, WLS gets broken down instead of being recycled. Keeping this balance is important for healthy cell function.

Testing the Findings

The scientists tested the role of EYA proteins in different organisms, including fruit flies, worms, and zebrafish. They found that while fruit flies and worms developed normally, zebrafish had serious developmental problems, like abnormal head and jaw formation, when EYA proteins were missing.

Impact of Missing EYA Proteins

The study shows that a lack of EYA proteins can cause developmental disorders, especially in zebrafish. The abnormalities likely occur because important signalling pathways are disrupted, making EYA proteins essential for proper growth.

The scientists suggest further study of chemicals that can either stabilise or disrupt EYA proteins. This could help in understanding and possibly treating developmental disorders in vertebrates. The research was published in the journal Development Cell.

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