Reforming Film Certification in India

Film certification in India is managed by the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC). This body was established under the Cinematograph Act of 1952. Its main aim is to regulate the public exhibition of films. The CBFC ensures that films comply with the guidelines set by the government.

Historical Background

The Cinematograph Act was enacted in 1952. This law provided a framework for film certification in India. The CBFC was created to classify films into categories based on content suitability. Initially, the certification process was lenient. Over time, it has faced criticism for being too censorious.

Current Certification Categories

The CBFC classifies films into several categories:

• U (Universal): Suitable for all ages.
• UA (Parental Guidance): Suitable for children above 12, with parental guidance recommended.
• A (Adult): Restricted to adult audiences (18 years and above).
• S (Special): Restricted to specialized audiences, such as doctors or scientists.

Criticism of the Current System

The CBFC has faced various criticisms:

Censorship Issues

Critics argue that the CBFC often censors films excessively. This leads to the removal of artistic expression. Filmmakers feel their creative vision is compromised.

Inconsistency

There are instances of inconsistent decisions regarding film certification. This inconsistency creates confusion among filmmakers and audiences. Different films with similar content may receive different ratings.

Political Influence

Allegations of political interference in the certification process have emerged. Such influence can affect the impartiality of the board. This raises concerns about the fairness of the certification process.

Recent Developments

In recent years, there have been calls for reforming the CBFC. The goal is to make the certification process more transparent and less restrictive.

Film Certification App

In 2020, the Film Certification App (e-Cine app) was introduced. This app aimed to streamline the application process for filmmakers. It is part of efforts to modernise the certification system.

Legislative Discussions

The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting has initiated discussions. These discussions focus on revising the Cinematograph Act. The aim is to address contemporary issues in film certification.

Proposed Reforms

Several reforms have been proposed to improve the certification system:

Decentralization

Suggestions have been made to decentralize the certification process. This would allow regional boards to cater to local sensibilities. It aims to make the certification more relevant to diverse audiences.

Clear Guidelines

Establishing clearer guidelines for film certification is essential. This could reduce ambiguity and inconsistency in decisions. Clear criteria would help filmmakers understand the certification process better.

Public Consultation

Engaging with filmmakers and industry stakeholders is crucial. Public consultation can gather input on the certification process. This would ensure that various perspectives are considered.

Digital Age Adaptation

The certification process needs to adapt to the digital age. Streaming platforms and new content distribution methods present challenges. Updating the process will help address these contemporary issues.

Impact of Reforms

Potential reforms could lead to a more balanced approach to film certification. They may promote artistic freedom while ensuring responsible content for audiences. Improved transparency and consistency could enhance the credibility of the CBFC.