Recent Discovery of Rajaraja Chola Inscription

April 4, 2025

The recent discovery of an inscription related to Rajaraja Chola I atop the Somagiri hills in Melavalavu, Madurai, has captivated historians. This inscription, believed to date back to around 1000 CE, marks Rajaraja Chola’s influence in the Pandya region. It mentions a military commander, Viranarana Pallavarayan, and details the construction of a temple by Malaiyappa Sambu. This find is for understanding the Chola dynasty’s history and its impact on Southern India.

Historical Context

Rajaraja Chola I ruled from 985 to 1014 CE. He was the son of Parantaka Chola II. His reign is noted for military conquests and administrative reforms. Rajaraja Chola I was recognised for his extraordinary leadership potential, which led to his succession as king.

Military Achievements

Rajaraja Chola I’s military prowess is evident in several key battles. In 988 CE, he defeated the Cheras at the Battle of Kandalur Salai. He conquered the Pandya capital of Madurai and renamed the region “Rajaraja Mandalam.” His victory in Sri Lanka in 993 CE established a provincial capital. He also defeated the Chalukyas in Karnataka, expanding his empire .

Administrative Innovations

Rajaraja Chola I reformed the administrative structure of the Chola Empire. He replaced hereditary lords with appointed officials to ensure loyalty. The empire was divided into nine provinces, each governed with a system that allowed for local self-governance. This system promoted efficiency and accountability in administration.

Cultural Contributions

Rajaraja Chola I was a patron of art and architecture. He constructed the Brihadeshwara Temple in Thanjavur, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The temple is a prime example of Dravidian architecture and features intricate mural paintings. Rajaraja Chola I also introduced new coinage, showcasing his image alongside a seated goddess.

Trade and Economy

The Chola Empire thrived on trade. Internal trade flourished through mercantile corporations and guilds. The Cholas established maritime trade routes with regions like West Asia and Southeast Asia, exporting spices, textiles, and precious stones. This economic network contributed to the empire’s wealth and influence.

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