Ratnagiri Buddhist Excavations

Recently, the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) resumed excavations at the Ratnagiri Buddhist complex in Odisha after a 60-year hiatus. This site, for its historical and cultural connections to Buddhism, aims to uncover more relics and evidence of Odisha’s links to Southeast Asian cultures. Recent findings include a colossal Buddha head and other ancient artefacts, shedding light on the region’s rich Buddhist heritage.

Historical Significance

• Ratnagiri dates from the 5th to 13th centuries, peaking in construction between the 7th and 10th centuries.
• It was a vital centre of Buddhist learning, rivaling Nalanda.
• The site is linked to Mauryan Emperor Ashoka, who embraced Buddhism after his Kalinga conquest.

Recent Discoveries

Excavations have revealed a massive Buddha head, a five-foot palm, and inscribed relics from the 8th and 9th centuries. These findings highlight the site’s historical richness and its role in Buddhist culture.

Previous Excavations

The last major excavations occurred between 1958 and 1961, led by Debala Mitra. They uncovered a brick stupa, monastic complexes, and numerous votive stupas. These earlier efforts laid the groundwork for understanding the site’s historical context.

Trade Links with Southeast Asia

Odisha had extensive maritime trade with Southeast Asia. Kalinga traded spices, silk, and precious metals. The Baliyatra festival commemorates these historical connections, celebrating the cultural links with regions like Bali and Sri Lanka.

Buddhism’s Influence

Despite no evidence of Buddha’s direct visit, Kalingly contributed to spreading Buddhism in Southeast Asia. Merchant brothers Tapassu and Bhallika, believed to be from Odisha, were among Buddha’s first disciples.

Future Excavations

The current excavation efforts will continue for another month or two, with potential for further studies based on findings. The ASI aims to explore more about the site’s material culture and its connections to Southeast Asia.

Month: Current Affairs - January, 2025

Category: Art & Culture Current Affairs