World History MCQs

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The Battle of Okinawa was the last major battle of World War II, and it one of the bloodiest battle fought. The Navy’s Fifth Fleet and more than 180,000 U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps troops descended on the Pacific island of Okinawa for a final push towards Japan on April 1, 1945.

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The Allied powers principally the United Kingdom, Soviet Union, United States, and France which came out victorious negotiated the details of peace treaties with Italy, the minor Axis powers (Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria), and Finland, following the end of World War II in 1945.

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In its early period, Estonia was under the colonial subjugation of Germans, Danes, Swedes, Poles and Russians. In 19th and early 20th centuries, Estonia witnessed a movement promoting and propagating “Estonian National Awakening” in which Estonians started acknowledging themselves as a nation deserving the right to govern themselves. This lead to the Estonian War of Independence from 1918 to 1920 which lead to the Estonian victory and the signing of the Tartu Peace Treaty, finally proclaiming the independence of Estonia from Russia. After independence, initially, Estonia followed a democratic political system which got culminated into an authoritarian rule post-Great Depression period from 1934 to 1940. This period was known as the Era of Silence. During World War II from 1939 to 1945, Estonia was under German and Soviet Union occupation, which finally ended with Soviet Union subjugation of Estonia through a puppet government, so as to continue the de jure status of Estonia. Annoyed with the subjugation of Soviet Rule, Estonians started “Singing Revolution” from 1987 to 1991 seeking the restoration of independence of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania from Soviet Rule. This lead to the formal restoration of independence of Estonia from the Soviet Union in 1991.

Notes:
The German Revolution of 1918-1919 or November Revolution, happened as part of the Revolutions of 1917–1923 and political violence in Germany (1918–33), was a civil conflict in the German Empire at the end of the First World War that resulted in the replacement of the German federal constitutional monarchy with a democratic parliamentary republic that later became known as the Weimar Republic. The revolutionary period lasted from November 1918 until the adoption in August 1919 of the Weimar Constitution. It leads to the Weimar Republic victory, abdication of Emperor Wilhelm II, the monarchy of Germany and its 22 constituent monarchies abolished, suppression of leftist uprisings, including Spartacist uprising, end of the First World War and the establishment of the Weimar Republic.

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The period of the “Indonesian National Revolution” is 1945 – 1949. The Indonesian National Revolution, or Indonesian War of Independence, was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between the Republic of Indonesia and the Dutch Empire and an internal social revolution during postwar and postcolonial Indonesia. It took place between Indonesia’s declaration of independence in 1945 and the Netherlands’ recognition of Indonesia’s independence at the end of 1949.

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1965–1966 was the period of the “Indonesian mass killings/ Indonesian Communist Purge”. The Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66, also known as the Indonesian genocide, Indonesian Communist Purge, Indonesian politicide, were large-scale killings and civil unrest that occurred in Indonesia over several months, targeting Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) party members, Communist sympathisers, often at the instigation of the armed forces and government, which were supported by the United States and other Western countries. It began as an anti-communist purge following a controversial attempted coup d’etat by the 30 September Movement.

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Iran was invaded by the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union in 1941 through “Operation Countenance”. The Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran or the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Persia was the joint invasion of the neutral Imperial State of Iran by the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union in August 1941. The invasion, codenamed Operation Countenance, was largely unopposed by the numerically and technologically inferior Iranian forces.

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The Unification of Italy was an event of great importance in world history. Garibaldi was the prominent figure who paid contribution to the Italian Unification.

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The United States attacked the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki of Japan. Hiroshima was attacked on 6 August 1945 and Nagasaki was attacked on 9 August 1945.

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Large sections of the population were convinced that the revolution had to be carried further. Political clubs became an important rallying point for people who wished to discuss government policies and plan their own forms of action. The most successful of these clubs was that of the Jacobins, which got its name from the former convent of St Jacob in Paris. Women too, who had been active throughout this period, formed their own clubs. The members of the Jacobin Club belonged mainly to the less prosperous sections of society. They included small shopkeepers, artisans such as shoemakers, pastry cooks, watch-makers, printers, as well as servants and daily-wage workers. So, statement 1 is correct. The leader of the Jacobin Club was Maximilian Robespierre. When the Jacobins proclaimed France as a republic, Robespierre presided over the new government. So, statement 2 is correct. A large group among the Jacobins decided to start wearing long striped trousers similar to those worn by dock workers. This was to set themselves apart from the fashionable sections of society, especially nobles, who wore knee breeches. It was a way of proclaiming the end of the power wielded by the wearers of knee breeches. These Jacobins came to be known as the sans-culottes, literally meaning ‘those without knee breeches’. ‘Sans-culottes’ men wore in addition the red cap that symbolised liberty. So, statement 3 is incorrect.