World History MCQs

Notes:
The Russian capital was moved to Moscow in March 1918. Moscow is the capital and largest city of Russia. On March 12, 1918 Moscow became the capital of the Soviet state.

Notes:
The USSR finally collapsed in 1991. On December 25, 1991, the Soviet hammer and sickle flag was replaced by the Russian tricolor. Mikhail Gorbachev also resigned his post as President of the Soviet Union.

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There were many factors that resulted in the outbreak of the Second World War. some of which were:
1) Growth of Militarism in Japan.
2) The French search for security.
3) The rise of communism and its propaganda machinery.

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The Bolsheviks overthrew Tsar. Bolshevik Revolution of Russia took place as forces led by Vladimir Ilyich Lenin overthrew the provisional government of Alexander Kerensky. The Russian monarchy was overthrown in March 1917.

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25 January Revolution is also known as the Egyptian Revolution of 2011. This revolution involved protests and demonstrations using civil disobedience and civil resistance methods by various youth groups against the dictatorship of Hosni Mubarak, the then President of Egypt; police brutality; emergency laws; political censorship; corruption; unemployment; low wages and food inflation etc. This revolution spanned from 25 January 2011 to 11 February 2011 which lead to the overthrow of Hosni Mubarak’s government.

Notes:
In its early period, Estonia was under the colonial subjugation of Germans, Danes, Swedes, Poles and Russians. In 19th and early 20th centuries, Estonia witnessed a movement promoting and propagating “Estonian National Awakening” in which Estonians started acknowledging themselves as a nation deserving the right to govern themselves. This lead to the Estonian War of Independence from 1918 to 1920 which lead to the Estonian victory and the signing of the Tartu Peace Treaty, finally proclaiming the independence of Estonia from Russia. After independence, initially, Estonia followed a democratic political system which got culminated into an authoritarian rule post-Great Depression period from 1934 to 1940. This period was known as the Era of Silence. During World War II from 1939 to 1945, Estonia was under German and Soviet Union occupation, which finally ended with Soviet Union subjugation of Estonia through a puppet government, so as to continue the de jure status of Estonia. Annoyed with the subjugation of Soviet Rule, Estonians started “Singing Revolution” from 1987 to 1991 seeking the restoration of independence of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania from Soviet Rule. This lead to the formal restoration of independence of Estonia from the Soviet Union in 1991.

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The Bourbon Restoration was the period of French history from 1814 to 1830 following the first fall of Napoleon in 1814 and his final defeat in the Hundred Days War in 1815, until the July Revolution of 1830. The brothers of the executed Louis XVI, namely Louis XVIII and Charles X, came to power and reigned in a highly conservative fashion. Exiled supporters of the monarchy returned to France. They were nonetheless unable to reverse most of the changes made by the French Revolution and Napoleon. At the Congress of Vienna, they were treated respectfully but had to give up nearly all the territorial gains made since 1789.

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The Battle of Dien Bien Phu was fought from 13 March to 7 May 1954 in Dien Bien Phu, a city of Vietnam in the then French Indochina region. It was a climactic confrontation of the First Indochina War which was fought between the French Unions French Far East Expeditionary Corps and Viet Minh communist revolutionaries. This war leads to the decisive Viet Minh victory.

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Germany was the location of the “Spartacist Uprising”. The Spartacist uprising, also known as the January uprising, happened as part of German Revolution of 1918–1919, was a general strike (and the armed battles accompanying it) in Berlin from 5 to 12 January 1919. The uprising was primarily a power struggle between the moderate Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) led by Friedrich Ebert and the radical communists of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD), led by Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg, who had previously founded and led the Spartacist League. The revolt was improvised and small-scale and was quickly crushed by the superior firepower of government troops.

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The Potsdam Conference was held in Potsdam, Germany, from July 17 to August 2, 1945. The participants were the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States, represented respectively by Premier Joseph Stalin, Prime Ministers Winston Churchill and Clement Attlee, and President Harry S. Truman. They gathered to decide how to administer Germany, which had agreed to unconditional surrender nine weeks earlier on the 8th of May (Victory in Europe Day). The goals of the conference also included the establishment of the postwar order, peace treaty issues, and countering the effects of the war.