1. Which institution has launched the ‘Samarth’ Incubation Program to support startups in the Telecom and ICT sector?
[A] NITI Aayog
[B] Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL)
[C] Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
[D] Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT)
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT)]
Notes:
The Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) recently launched the ‘Samarth’ Incubation Program to support startups in the Telecom and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector. C-DOT is an autonomous telecom research and development institution under the Department of Telecommunications (DoT), Government of India. The program offers financial grants, advanced technical resources, and expert guidance to help startups grow from idea stage to commercial success. It focuses on building sustainable and scalable business models.
2. Rice Yellow Mottle Virus, that was recently seen in news, is endemic to which continent?
[A] Asia
[B] Europe
[C] South America
[D] Africa
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Africa]
Notes:
A recent genomic study revealed the spread of Rice Yellow Mottle Virus or RYMV across African rice ecosystems, posing a serious threat to rice production. Rice Yellow Mottle Virus is a plant virus that affects rice and some related grasses. It first appeared in the mid-1800s in the Eastern Arc Mountains, now in Tanzania, a region rich in biodiversity. It is mainly found in Africa and is present in most rice-growing countries on the continent.
3. What kind of disease is “Haemophilia A” that was recently seen in news?
[A] Neurological disorder
[B] Hereditary bleeding disorder
[C] Fungal infection
[D] Respiratory disease
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Hereditary bleeding disorder]
Notes:
Recently, the National Institute of Immunohaematology developed an affordable and simple point-of-care test kit in India for early diagnosis of genetic bleeding disorders like Haemophilia A and Von Willebrand Disease. Haemophilia A is a hereditary bleeding disorder where blood does not clot properly due to low levels of Factor VIII, a key clotting protein.
Normally, when bleeding occurs, a process called the coagulation cascade activates clotting factors to stop the bleeding. If one or more of these clotting factors are missing or not working properly, it leads to excessive bleeding.
4. Which institute has developed a modified CRISPR tool to help plants combat heat stress and bacterial infections?
[A] Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru
[B] Bose Institute, Kolkata
[C] National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), Lucknow
[D] Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Delhi
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Bose Institute, Kolkata]
Notes:
Recently, scientists at Bose Institute, Kolkata, developed a modified CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) tool to help plants fight heat stress and bacterial infections, boosting smart and sustainable farming. Unlike traditional CRISPR which cuts DNA, the team used a modified version called dCas9 (dead Cas9), which does not cut DNA but works like a gene switch. This switch stays off until the plant is stressed, such as by high temperatures. The scientists used a part of a natural tomato protein called NACMTF3, specifically its TM (Transmembrane) domain, to control the switch. Under heat stress, the TM domain releases dCas9, allowing it to enter the nucleus and turn on defense genes. This method allows plants to respond only when needed, reducing energy use and improving resilience.
5. What is “Myogenesis” that was recently mentioned in news?
[A] Formation and development of muscle fibers
[B] Newly discovered species of Fish
[C] Traditional medicine
[D] Formation of nerve cells
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Formation and development of muscle fibers]
Notes:
Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla recently launched path-breaking Myogenesis experiments on the International Space Station (ISS), showing India’s progress in space research. Myogenesis is the process of forming muscle fibers. It is a complex and controlled process important for developing and maintaining skeletal muscle tissue. Myogenesis helps build body muscles that support movement, posture, and metabolism. It happens through the transformation of precursor cells called myoblasts into multinucleated muscle fibers. Studying myogenesis helps understand muscle diseases and develop therapies.
6. Which organization has launched the “3 by 35” Initiative to tackle non-communicable diseases (NCDs)?
[A] United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
[B] Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
[C] World Health Organization (WHO)
[D] None of the Above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [World Health Organization (WHO)]
Notes:
Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the “3 by 35” Initiative to tackle non-communicable diseases (NCDs). It urges countries to raise taxes on tobacco, alcohol, and sugary drinks to achieve at least a 50% real price increase by 2035. NCDs like heart disease, cancer, and diabetes cause over 75% of global deaths. Higher taxes could prevent 50 million premature deaths over 50 years and generate USD 1 trillion in public revenue in the next decade. Between 2012 and 2022, around 140 countries already raised tobacco taxes, showing large-scale change is achievable.
7. Which country has successfully tested its Feitian 2 hypersonic vehicle?
[A] United States
[B] China
[C] Japan
[D] India
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [China]
Notes:
Recently, China successfully tested its Feitian 2 hypersonic vehicle. Feitian 2 can switch between propulsion modes during flight for better performance. The vehicle uses a kerosene-hydrogen peroxide fuel mix. This positions China strongly in the global hypersonic technology race. Feitian 2 has potential uses in defense and civilian sectors.
8. Which institute has launched BHARAT (Biomarkers of Healthy Aging, Resilience, Adversity, and Transitions) initiative?
[A] All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi
[B] Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru
[C] Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai
[D] Bose Institute, Kolkata
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru]
Notes:
The Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, recently launched the BHARAT study under its Longevity India Program. BHARAT stands for Biomarkers of Healthy Aging, Resilience, Adversity, and Transitions. The study aims to map physiological, molecular, and environmental indicators that drive ageing in Indians. It will build India’s first comprehensive ageing database. It includes multiparametric analysis, advanced clinical assessment, and lifestyle factors. It will identify biomarkers for healthy ageing and set the Bharat Baseline for normal health values in India.
9. Where is the Phenome India National Biobank established?
[A] CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB)
[B] National Institute of Immunology (NII)
[C] Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
[D] None of the Above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB)]
Notes:
The union Minister of State for Science and Technology inaugurated the Phenome India National Biobank at the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB). It is launched under the Phenome India Project. The biobank will collect genomic, lifestyle, and clinical data from 10,000 people across India. It aims to capture India’s diversity across geography, ethnicity, and socio-economic backgrounds.
10. The interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS was recently discovered by using which telescope?
[A] Hubble Space Telescope
[B] James Webb Space Telescope
[C] ATLAS telescope
[D] Chandra X-ray Observatory
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [ATLAS telescope ]
Notes:
Recently, on July 1, scientists using the ATLAS telescope in Chile reported the discovery of an interstellar object named 3I/ATLAS. It has been tracked since June 14, 2025 and is believed to be the oldest comet ever observed, possibly over 3 billion years old, predating the solar system. It is classified as an interstellar comet due to its hyperbolic orbit and high speed of 57–68 km/s relative to the Sun. The comet comes from the direction of the constellation Sagittarius, suggesting an origin in the Milky Way’s thick disk.