Modern Indian History MCQs

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Bhikaiji Rustom Cama,(1861-1936) was an outstanding lady of great courage, fearlessness, integrity, perseverance and passion for freedom, and is considered as the mother of Indian revolution because of her contributions to Indian freedom struggle. She was credited with designing India’s first tricolour flag with green, saffron and red stripes bearing the immortal words – Vande Matram.

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On April 3, 1926 Lord Irwin was appointed 30th Viceroy and Governor-General of India. In 1927, British government appointed a commission under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon. The Commission was appointed to study the reforms of 1919 and suggest further measures for Constitutional reforms. The Commission had no Indian member in it. The Indians boycotted this all-White commission.

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Muslim League observed the Direct Action Day on August 16, 1946. The objective of Muslim league was to create an environment of communal riots and terrorism to exhibit that Hindus and Muslims could not reside together.

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Second Round Table Conference 1931 : It was held in London during the viceroyalty of Lord Willingdon during Sept- Dec. 1931 and Gandhi ji attended as the soul representative of Congress. But the conference was failed because Gandhiji didn’t’ agree on the policy of communal representation. Gandhi at the Second Round Conference, St. James Palace London.

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On March 12, 1612, Jahangir granted a firman permitting the British establishing factories at Surat, Gogha, Ahmedabad and Cambay. Thus, Surat became the first established settlement of British in India and a factory was established there in 1612-13. The newly formed company had sent four ships under Captain Thomas Best to trade with India. These were mercantile ships but were capable of defending themselves. They defeated the Portuguese, who were already there in Surat for at least 100 years. This defeat apparently so impressed the Emperor Jahangir that he granted the British squadron a firman to trade.

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Begum Hazrat Mahal was the wife of Nawab Wazid Ali Shah of Awadh. She ruled on behalf of her 11-year-old son Birjis Qadar and led the revolt of 1857 in Lucknow .She refused to accept the pension offered to her by the British and chose to die unmourned in Nepal.

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Sister Nivedita : Born as Margaret Elizabeth Noble, she was more popularly known as sister Nivedita. She was a Scots-Irish social worker, author, teacher and a disciple of Swami Vivekananda. She was described as a real lioness by Vivekananda, ‘Lokmata’ (the mother of the people) by Rabindra Nath Tagore and Agnishikha (the flame of fire) by Aurobindo Ghosh. In England she was known as ‘The Champion for India’. Many of her letters written between 1900-1905 to her friend Miss Macleod reveal her hatred for British rule. One such letter writes “The British empire is rotten to the core – corrupt in every direction, and tyrannical and mean.

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Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was a Bengali educator and social reformer from Indian state of West Bengal. For his enormous contribution, Hindu Widows’ Remarriage Act, was passed in 1856. He wrote the book ‘Bahubivah’.

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Gandhiji said Gandhi may die, but Gandhism shall remain forever in 1931 Karachi session.

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Nawab Kapur Singh is accredited with establishing the Dal Khalsa in the late 1740s. The Dal Khalsa operated from 1748 to 1799 and was composed of the combined military forces from 11 Sikh misls in the Punjab region. His tenure as the leader of the Sikh Confederacy during a particularly turbulent period was marked by resilience and strategic competence, which ultimately contributed to the strengthening of the Sikh community during that era.