Modern Indian History MCQs

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Sabarmati Ashram is located in the Sabarmati suburb of Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Gandhiji’s India ashram was originally established at the Kocharab Bungalow of Jivanlal Desai, a barrister and friend of Gandhi, on 25 May 1915. At that time the ashram was called the Satyagraha Ashram. But Gandhi wanted to carry out various activities such as farming and animal husbandry, in addition to other pursuits which called for the need of a much larger area of usable land. So two years later, on 17 June 1917, the ashram was relocated to an area of thirty-six acres on the banks of the river Sabarmati, and it came to be known as the Sabarmati Ashram.

Notes:
Second Round Table Conference 1931 : It was held in London during the viceroyalty of Lord Willingdon during Sept- Dec. 1931 and Gandhi ji attended as the soul representative of Congress. But the conference was failed because Gandhiji didn’t’ agree on the policy of communal representation. Gandhi at the Second Round Conference, St. James Palace London.

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It was in 1487 that the Portuguese navigator, Bartholomew Dias, rounded the Cape of Good Hope in Africa and sailed up the eastern coast; he was well convinced that the long sought after sea route to India had been found. But it was only ten years later that an expedition of Portuguese
ships headed out to India (in 1497) and arrived in India in slightly less than eleven months’ time, in May 1498.He stayed in India for three months and carried back with a rich cargo. That time the importance of pepper trade was realized for the first time by the Europeans.

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The Parsi social reformer Behramji M. Malabari campaigned all his life against child marriage and “enforced widowhood”. He founded the Seva Sadan as a social reform and humanitarian organization in 1885. The Seva Sadan specialized in the care of socially discarded and exploited women of all castes, providing education, welfare and medical services.

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Komagatamaru was a Japanese steamship which sailed from British Hong Kong in 1914. A group of people from India was on board who were trying to immigrate to Canada. It reached Vancouver with 376 passengers from Punjab province in British India. Out of them 352 were not allowed to disembark. Later it returned to Budge Budge, Calcutta. Baba Gurdit Singh and other leders were arrested and deported to Punjab.

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The Liaquat–Nehru Pact was a treaty signed between India and Pakistan in 1950. The treaty was signed by the Prime Ministers of both countries, Jawaharlal Nehru of India and Liaquat Ali Khan of Pakistan, and aimed to improve relations between the two countries and resolve outstanding issues between them. The pact included provisions for the protection of minorities in both countries, the promotion of trade and economic cooperation, and the establishment of a joint commission to address disputes and other issues. The treaty was seen as an important step towards improving relations between India and Pakistan, but it was ultimately not successful in resolving the many differences and conflicts between the two countries.

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Faraidi ( or Faraizi) movement (1804): It was founded by Haji Shariatullah of village Bahadurpur in Faridpur district, Bengal. The movement had emphasis on strict monotheism and to remove un-Islamic practices from the Muslim society as well as to revive and restore Muslim rule once again by expelling the Christians from India. His successors Dudu Mian and Nowa Mian successfully mobilized the Muslim peasants of central and eastern Bengal against the zamindars and money lenders who were mostly Hindus and the indigo planters who were British. Finally, the movement was suppressed by the Bengal government after a series of arrests, trials and persecutions.

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In 1510 AD, Afonso de Albuquerque captured Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur, Ismail Adil Shah with the help of Krishnadev raya (ruler of Vijaynagar empire). He is also known to have abolished the practice of Sati in Goa.

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Bardoli Satyagraha (1928): Due to increase in land revenue by 22 %, the satyagraha was led by Vallabhbhai Patel at Bardoli, Gujarat. Under the leadership of Patel, the Bardoli peasants decided to refuse payments of the revised assessment until the Government appointed an independent tribunal or accepted the current amount as full payment. Those who opposed the movement had to faced a social boycott. The outcome of the satyagraha was British Government setup Maxwell-Broomfield commission, reduced land Revenue to 6.03% and returned confiscated land back to farmers. In this struggle, Vallabhbhai Patel got the title of “Sardar” by local farmers of Bardoli.

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Difference between moderates and extremists widened in Calcutta Session of congress 1906. Extremists had more radical demands. They upheld severance , wanted self- governance aka Swaraj. The moderates had faith in gradual reforms whereas the nationalists believed that the swaraj is their birth right.