Medieval Indian History MCQs

Notes:
Under Cholas, the general assemblies were of three types:

• the ur, comprising of the tax-paying residents of an ordinary village.
• the sabha, whose membership was open only to the Brahmans of the village or else was found exclusively in villages gifted to brahmans;
• the nagaram, found in centres of trade and commerce, since it was devoted entirely to serving the interests of the mercantile community.

The Chola economy was based on a three- tiered system. At the local level, agricultural settlements formed the foundation. Groups of these communities were, in turn, linked to commercial towns called “nagaram,” which acted as redistribution.

Notes:
Mansabdar implies the generic term for the military-kind grading of all royal functionaries of the Mughal Empire. The Mansabdari system introduced by Akbar was borrowed from the system followed in Mongolia.

Notes:
Despite being an independent ruler, Maḥmud preserving an ideological link to the suzerainty of the Abbasid Caliphate. The caliph, in return, recognized him as the legitimate ruler of the lands he occupied and encouraged him in his conquests.

Notes:
The Marathas appointed “Jasuds” for espionage or spying related work and “Harakaras” for acting as the messengers.

Notes:
The Wazir’s office was called the Diwan – i – Wizarat . Below him in the same department was a deputy called the Naib Wazir . This section handled finance , the income and expenditure of the empire were handled by two official the Mushrif – i Mumalik (income) and the Mustaufi – i Mumalik (expenditure) . Subordinate to him were the clerks in the office who were called Amils, Karkun , and Mutasarrif.

Notes:
Muhammad Ghori’s kingdom spanned parts of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Iran, India, Pakistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan. His 1192 victory at the Second Battle of Tarain established Muslim dominance in Northern India and laid the foundation for the Delhi Sultanate. His general, Qutb-ud-din Aibak, founded the Mamluk Dynasty, the first Delhi Sultanate. Ghori’s strategies shaped medieval South Asia’s political landscape.

Notes:
During Jalauddin’s rule, Mongols invaded the north-west frontier of the Delhi Sultanate under Abdullah, who was probably one of the grandsons of Hallu (Hulagu Khan). After few skirmishes, the war was avoided by Jalaluddin by paying tributes and friendly exchanges. Jalaluddin also allowed a group of Mongols to settle in lower Ganges plain on the Lakhnauti frontier (Bengal) of his territory. These mongols were called New Muslims.

Notes:
Nasiruddin Khusrau Shah ruled from 1320 to 1321. Ghazi Malik, the governor of Dipalpur, killed Khusru Shah and ascended the throne of Delhi. He took up the title of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq in c.1320 CE. Khusrau Shah was the only Hindu convert to sit on the throne of Delhi.

Notes:
The Jaunpur Sultanate (1394-1479), founded by Khwajah-i-Jahan Malik Sarwar of the Sharqi dynasty, emerged from the Tughlaq dynasty’s decline. It encompassed Awadh and the Ganga-Yamuna Doab, becoming a cultural hub known as the “Shiraz of India.”

Notes:
Mahmud Begada also called as Mahmud Shah I succeeded to the throne in 1458 CE. He raised to the throne at a young age. Mahmud Shah I took the title of Mahmud Begarha.