International Current Affairs MCQs

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Ecuador declared a national emergency for 60 days due to forest fires, water shortages, and severe drought. The country is experiencing its worst drought in 60 years. The drought has caused losses of 40,000 hectares of crops and over 44,000 farm animals. The emergency aims to address the crisis and provide relief to affected areas.

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Burkina Faso’s military junta appointed Rimtalba Jean Emmanuel Ouedraogo as the new Prime Minister after dissolving the government without explanation. The junta, led by Ibrahim Traore, dismissed former Prime Minister Apollinaire Joachim Kyelem de Tambela via a presidential decree. The junta seized power in September 2022, ousting Lt. Col. Paul Henri Sandaogo Damiba, who had removed President Roch Marc Kaboré earlier. Burkina Faso faces severe security challenges, with extremist attacks displacing over 2 million people and leaving half the territory outside government control.

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United Kingdom became the 12th member of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), its largest trade deal since Brexit. The agreement now includes 12 countries: Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, Vietnam, and United Kingdom. The CPTPP is a free-trade agreement (FTA) between countries around the Pacific Rim. The CPTPP aims to boost economic cooperation across the Pacific. Members reduce tariffs, open markets for services and investments, and set rules on competition, intellectual property, and foreign company protection.

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The Chennai-Vladivostok Eastern Maritime Corridor (EMC) reduces shipping time and costs, boosting India-Russia trade in oil, food, and machinery. EMC connects South India with Russia’s Far East, cutting transit time by 16 days and distance by 40%. The traditional Mumbai-St. Petersburg route is 8,675 nautical miles, taking 40+ days, while EMC spans 5,647 nautical miles, taking only 24 days, saving 5,608 km. The route passes through major waterways like the Sea of Japan, South China Sea, Malacca Straits, and Bay of Bengal.

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Maia Sandu was sworn in as President of Moldova for her second term on December 24, 2024. She first became president in 2020 and is the first woman to hold the position since Moldova gained independence in 1991. Moldova’s constitution allows a president to serve two terms of four years each. Under her leadership, Moldova shifted away from Russia and pursued stronger ties with the European Union. In 2022, Moldova applied for membership in the European Union, aiming for closer integration with the 27-nation bloc.

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Russia declared a federal-level emergency due to a massive oil spill along the Black Sea coast, caused by storm-damaged tankers near the Kerch Strait. The spill released thousands of tons of mazut (heavy fuel oil), polluting about 55 kilometers (34 miles) of coastline. The spill has raised serious concerns about cleanup efforts and potential long-term environmental damage. The Black Sea, a large inland sea in southeastern Europe, is one of the marginal seas of the Atlantic Ocean, spanning 436,000 square kilometers. It is bordered by Russia, Ukraine, Turkey, Bulgaria, Georgia, and Romania.

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Quad nations (India, US, Australia, Japan) reaffirmed their commitment to a free, open, peaceful, stable, and prosperous Indo-Pacific. The pledge commemorates 20 years of Quad cooperation, initially formed after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Quad aims to counter challenges like China’s growing influence in the region. The coalition emphasizes the centrality of ASEAN in the Indo-Pacific framework. The grouping focuses on upholding international order based on the rule of law.

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Zimbabwe abolished the death penalty, sparing around 60 prisoners on death row. The country last executed someone in 2005 due to a lack of willing executioners. President Emmerson Mnangagwa, once sentenced to death during the independence war, approved the law after Parliament’s bill. Mnangagwa has consistently opposed capital punishment and commuted death sentences to life in prison through amnesties. Amnesty International praised Zimbabwe’s move as a positive step for abolition in the region. Globally, 113 countries, including 24 in Africa, have abolished the death penalty. In 2023, Amnesty recorded 1,153 executions, with most in Iran and Saudi Arabia.

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US President-elect Donald Trump proposed renaming the Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of America. The proposal has sparked debates about its geopolitical and historical implications. Gulf of Mexico borders the southeastern coast of North America, connecting to the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. The Gulf is the world’s largest and is often called the “Mediterranean of the Americas.” It formed due to seafloor subsidence and is shallow, with an average depth of 1,615 m. The climate ranges from tropical to subtropical, with severe weather like hurricanes and tornadoes. It holds large petroleum and natural gas deposits in its shallow areas.

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Zoran Milanovic was re-elected as President of Croatia for a five-year term, securing 74% of the run-off vote. The first round of the presidential election on 29 December 2024 saw Milanovic win 49.1% of votes, necessitating a second round on 12 January 2025. Milanovic, backed by the opposition Social Democratic Party, is a critic of the EU and NATO but condemned Russia’s invasion of Ukraine while criticizing Western military support for Ukraine. The Croatian Democratic Union, the ruling party since 1991, had its candidate, Dragan Primorac, secure 19.2% of votes. The President in Croatia is the Head of State with limited executive powers, while the Prime Minister holds real executive authority. Croatia is located on the Balkan Peninsula along the Adriatic Sea.