Indian Polity & Constitution MCQs

Notes:
The constituent assembly appointed a number of committees to deal with different tasks of constitution. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was the chairperson of the Provincial Constitution Committee.

Notes:
The system called Dyarchy or diarchy, literally meaning double government was introduced by GOI Act, 1919 for the provinces of British India. The act is also known to have marked the first introduction of the democratic principle into the executive branch of the British administration of India.

Notes:
Charter act of 1813 ended the monopoly of the East India Company in India, however the company’s monopoly in trade with china and trade in tea with India was kept intact. Thus, trade with India for all commodities except Tea was thrown open to all British subjects. This lasted till 1833 when the next charter abolished the trade of the company.

Notes:
The 7th Amendment of Indian Constitution was needed to implement the recommendations of the States Reorganisation Commission regarding the reorganization of the states on a linguistic basis. Abolished the existing classification of states into four categories i.e., Part A, Part B, Part C and Part D states and reorganised them into 14 states and 6 union territories.

Notes:
The correct answer is “Supreme Court Only.” The Supreme Court of India has the exclusive authority to interpret the Constitution under Article 32, which allows individuals to approach it for the enforcement of fundamental rights. Additionally, Article 141 establishes that the law declared by the Supreme Court is binding on all courts in India. This central role underscores the Supreme Court’s position as the guardian of the Constitution.

Notes:
Article 5 of the Indian Constitution dealt with the citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution. This article says that at the commencement of this Constitution every person who has his domicile in the territory of India and (a) who was born in the territory of India; or (b) either of whose parents was born in the territory of India; or (c) who has been ordinarily resident in the territory of India for not less than five years preceding such commencement, shall be a citizen of India.

Notes:
The 22 languages which are listed in the Eighth Schedule are Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu.

Notes:
Section 13 of RTE provides for no capitation fee and screening procedure for admission. The section says that no school or person shall, while admitting a child, collect any capitation fee and subject the child or his or her parents or guardian to any screening procedure. If one does, a penalty up to 10 times of what was charged may be imposed.

Notes:
Supreme Court’s Samata judgment (1997) nullified all mining leases granted by the State government of Andhra Pradesh in the Scheduled areas and asked it to stop all mining operations, thus protecting the land of tribal people. This judgement is a landmark decision that has since 1997 helped save the scheduled areas and the tribal people in different states. Under schedule 5 of the constitution, Supreme Court protected the land of the tribal people through this judgment.

Notes:
The concept of judicial review, which gives the judiciary the power to review the constitutionality of legislative and executive acts, is borrowed in the Indian Constitution from the United States. Article 13 and Article 32 specifically provide for judicial review and are inspired by the 1803 landmark case of Marbury v. Madison in the US Supreme Court. This laid down judicial review allowing American courts to examine the constitutional validity of acts by the legislature and executive. Thus, the power of courts to judicially review laws and actions to check their alignment with the Constitution comes from legal principles established in the American constitutional system.