Indian Polity & Constitution MCQs

Notes:
The executive power of a state in India is vested in the Governor. The Governor is the constitutional head of the state, similar to how the President is the constitutional head of the Union. The Governor exercises executive power either directly or through subordinate officers. The Governor is appointed by the President.
The Governor has control over subjects in the State List under the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution. The Governor also makes important decisions on state policies and the portfolios of ministers. The Council of Ministers, with the Chief Minister as head, advises the Governor on his functions.

Notes:
Article 151. Audit Reports :-
(1) The reports of the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India relating to the accounts of the Union shall be submitted to the president, who shall cause them to be laid before each House of Parliament.
(2) The reports of the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India relating to the accounts of a State shall be submitted to the Governor of the State, who shall cause them to be laid before the Legislature of the State.

Notes:
Government of India Act, 1919 is also known as Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms which was introduced by the colonial government in British India. It came into force in the year 1921. One of the objectives of the act was to introduce self-governing institutions gradually in India.

Notes:
Preamble can be amended by Parliament using its amendment powers as per article 368. We note here that preamble has been amended only once so far through the 42nd Constitution Amendment Act 1976. The words Secular, Socialist and Integrity were added to the constitution.

Notes:
Public Accounts Committee (PAC) is one of the standing parliamentary committees, which was first established in 1921 under the Government of India Act 1919 provisions. This committee examines the manners and results of spending the public funds.
Public Accounts Committee has 22 members of which 15 are from Lok Sabha while 7 from Rajya Sabha. The members are “elected” by members of Parliament amongst themselves via a system of proportional representation by means of single transferable vote; so that all parties get due representation in it. Members are elected for a period of one year. A minister cannot be a member of PAC.
Chairman of PAC is appointed by Speaker from its members. The chairman used to be of ruling party till mid 1960s, however, now the chairman of PAC is from opposition by convention.

Notes:
In 1953, the central government established a Backwards Classes Commission under Kalelkar’s chairmanship with the charter to recommend reforms for removing inequities for underprivileged people. The Commission issued its report in 1955, recommending, among other things, that the government grant special privileges to untouchables and other underprivileged people

Notes:
The zero hour in the Indian Parliament starts immediately after the question hour and lasts until the agenda for the day is taken up.

Notes:
For raising the standard of living as provided under Article 47, particularly of the rural population, the Government of India in 1952 launched its Community Development Project.

Notes:
Article 326 provides universal suffrage to every citizen of India who has completed 18 years. Originally, the age of voting eligibility was 21 years byt the 61st Amendment of the Constitution of India lowered the voting age of elections to the Lok Sabha and to the Legislative Assemblies of States from 21 years to 18 years.

Notes:
Hindi which is also listed in the eighth schedule of the constitution of India comes under the official language of India category.