Indian Polity & Constitution MCQs

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If an ordinary bill has been rejected by any house of the parliament and if more than six months have elapsed, the President may summon a joint session for purpose of passing the bill. The bill is passed by a simple majority of a joint sitting.

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As per Article 61, President of India can be impeached on ground of violation of the Constitution. However what amounts to violation of the Constitution has not been defined. The process of impeachment can begin in any of Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha. The charges for impeachment should be signed by 1/4 members of the house in which the process begins and a notice of 14 days should be given to the President. The impeachment bill has to be passed by majority of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the House {special majority}. One passed in that house, the bill reaches to another house, which shall investigate the charges. President has right to appear and be represented in case of such investigations. If other house also sustains those charges, then it would again need to pass the bill by special majority and thus president stands removed from the office on which the bill is passed in other house. Since it is a bill for removal of president himself, no presidential assent is needed here.

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Indian Constitution has adopted Parliamentary System of Constitution from UK.

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As per the Constitution of India, a new All India service can be instituted with only on the initiative of Rajya Sabha. Article 312 of the constitution says 
“Notwithstanding anything in [Chapter VI of Part VI or Part XI], if the Council of States has declared by resolution supported by not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting that it is necessary or expedient in the national interest so to do, Parliament may by law provide for the creation of one or more all India services [(including an all-India judicial service)] common to the Union and the States, and, subject to the other provisions of this Chapter, regulate the recruitment, and the conditions of service of persons appointed, to any such service.”

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A division bench comprises 2-3 judges while constitution bench consists of at least five or more judges of the court. Such a bench is set up to decide substantial questions of law with regard to the interpretation of the constitution. The origin of constitution bench emanates from Article 143. When President of India seeks Supreme Court’s opinion on a question of fact or law under Article 143 of the Constitution, then also a Constitution bench is set up.

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Article 71 of the Constitution says that all doubts and disputes arising out of or in connection with the election of a President or Vice-President shall be inquired into and decided by the Supreme Court. Further, according to Article 14 of the Presidential and Vice -Presidential Elections Act,1952, an election petition can be filed in Supreme Court.

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Supreme Court is the Highest Court of appeal and the writs and decrees of Supreme Court run throughout the country. The cases come to the Supreme Court in the form of appeals against the judgments of the lower courts and this is called appellate jurisdiction. Appellate jurisdiction involves the Constitution, Civil and criminal matters.

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C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) said that governor is like a federal fireman. Like fireman, they should only be called upon in case of emergency. Governor’s office should not be used for party politics.

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The Constitution of India guarantees through Articles 25 to 28, the right to freedom of religion to not only individuals but also religious groups in India.