Indian Polity & Constitution MCQs

Notes:
The Emergency Provisions of the Indian Constitution have been borrowed from Germany. The part 18 of Indian constitution deals with the emergency provisions. Under the emergency provisions, if the President is satisfied that a grave emergency exists whereby the security of India or of any part of the territory thereof is threatened, whether by war or external aggression or armed rebellion, he may, by Proclamation, make a declaration to that effect in respect of the whole of India or of such part of the territory thereof as may be specified in the Proclamation.

Notes:
Article 124(4) of the constitution, President can remove a judge on proved misbehaviour or incapacity when parliament approves with a majority of the total membership of each house in favour of impeachment and not less than two thirds of the members of each house present. For initiating impeachment proceedings against a judge, at least 50 members of Rajya Sabha or 100 members of Lok Sabha shall issue the notice as per Judges (Inquiry) Act,1968. Then a judicial committee would be formed to frame charges against the judge, to conduct the fair trial and to submit its report to parliament. When the judicial committee report finds the judge guilty of misbehaviour or incapacity, further removal proceedings would be taken up by the parliament if the judge is not resigning himself. No judge of Supreme Court has been removed through impeachment process so far.

Notes:
Following fundamental Rights available to only citizens and not foreigners:

1. Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth (Article 15)Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment (Article 16).
2. Six basic freedoms subject to reasonable restrictions (Article 19).
3. Protection of language, script and culture of minorities (Article 29).
4. Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions (Article 30)

Notes:
Article 263 of the Constitution of India provides If at any time it appears to the President that the public interest would be served by the establishment of a Inter State Council.

Notes:
Constitution (28th) Amendment Act, 1972 abolished the special privileges of ICS officers and empowered the Parliament to determine their service conditions. It has provisions of deletion of article 314 and inclusion of a new article 312-A which confers powers on Parliament to vary or revoke by law the conditions of Civil Services.

Notes:
Most of the DPSPs reflect the ideology of socialism and welfare state. Some of them are directly inculcating the Gandhian principles for example:

• Article 40: Organization of village Panchayats
• Article 43: Promotion of cottage industries
• Article 46: Promotion and protection of interests of educational and economic interests of SCs, STs, and other weaker sections of the society and to protect them from social injustice and exploitation
• Article 47: Prohibition of consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs which are injurious to health
• Article 48: Prohibition of slaughter of cows, calves and other milch and draught cattle and to improve their breeds

Notes:
When vice president acts as the president, he ceases to be the chairman of Rajya Sabha.

Notes:
The provisions regarding preventive detention under Article 22 (3) are called necessary evil because it provides for curtailment of liberty for reasons of State’s security; public order, disruption of national economic discipline, etc.

Notes:
The recommendations of the Ashok Mehta Committee led to 73rd Amendment Act to the Constitution of India. It contains provisions about Panchayats in India.

Notes:
Written Constitution, Independence of Judiciary, Double Citizenship, Dual Polity, Division of Powers, Supremacy of the Constitution are all federal features.