Indian Polity & Constitution MCQs

Notes:
Fourth statement is incorrect because one-third of its members retire every two years. Rajya Sabha is a permanent body. It was duly constituted for the first time on April 3, 1952. Twelve of Rajya Sabha members are nominated by the President.

Notes:
The Twelfth Amendment incorporated Goa, Daman and Diu as a new Union Territory by amending the First Schedule. India had acquired these territories from Portugal in December 1961. It also enabled the President to make regulations for the administration of the new territory. The Amendment retroactively came into effect on 20 December 1961, after Portugal surrendered. In 1987, Goa became India’s 25th state while Daman and Diu remained a Union Territory.

Notes:
Tripura, Manipur, and Meghalaya became full-fledged states of India on 21 January, 1972, under the North Eastern Region (Re-organisation) Act, 1971.

Notes:
Habeas Corpus literally means ‘to have the body of’. Via this writ, the court can cause any person who has been detained or imprisoned to be physically brought before the court. The court then examines the reason of his detention and if there is no legal justification of his detention, he can be set free. Such a writ can be issued in following example cases:

• When the person is detained and not produced before the magistrate within 24 hours
• When the person is arrested without any violation of a law.
• When a person is arrested under a law which is unconstitutional
• When detention is done to harm the person or is malafide.

Thus, Habeas corpus writ is called bulwark of individual liberty against arbitrary detention. A general rule of filing the petition is that a person whose right has been infringed must file a petition. But Habeas corpus is an exception and anybody on behalf of the detainee can file a petition. Habeas corpus writ is applicable to preventive detention also. This writ can be issued against both public authorities as well as individuals.

Notes:
Fundamental Duties of citizens were added to the Indian Constitution in 1976 by the 42nd Amendment. The 42nd Amendment was based on recommendations from the Swaran Singh Committee. The Committee was set up in 1976 to recommend changes to the Constitution. The Fundamental Duties are listed in Article 51 ‘A’, which is in Part IV A of the Constitution. There are 11 fundamental duties listed in the Constitution. The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002 added the 11th fundamental duty, which is to provide educational opportunities for children between the ages of six and fourteen.

Notes:
D. Jatti had worked as Chief Minister of State of Mysore. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy had worked as Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh. Zail Singh worked as Chief Minister of Punjab. Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma had served as Chief Minister of Bhopal State.

Notes:
The speaker & deputy speaker of the Lok Sabha hold their office until either of them cease to be a member of the Lok Sabha or they resign.

Notes:
Constitutional Emergency or President’s rule under article 356 is imposed on states on the recommendation of the governor of the state. Every state in India except Chhattisgarh and Telangana has been under a state of emergency at some point of time or the other.

Notes:
A parliamentary system or parliamentary democracy is a system of democratic governance of a state where the executive is responsible to the legislature.

Notes:
The appointment committee consists of Prime Minister as Chairperson, Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Home Minister, leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha, leader of opposition in Rajya Sabha & Deputy chairman of Rajya Sabha.