Indian Polity & Constitution MCQs

Notes:
Article 63 of Indian Constitution states that “There shall be a Vice President of India.” The Vice President acts as President in the absence of the president due to death, resignation, impeachment, or other situations.

Notes:
WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, are having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST, SECULAR, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens:
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation;
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this 26th day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

Notes:
In India, the final authority to interpret the Constitution lies with the Supreme Court of India. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial body in the country and is responsible for interpreting the provisions of the Constitution to ensure its proper implementation. This authority is derived from Article 141 of the Constitution, which states that the law declared by the Supreme Court shall be binding on all courts within the territory of India.

Notes:
Closure is one of the means by which a debate may be brought to an end by a majority decision of the House, even though all Members wishing to speak have not done so.
Guillotine refers to putting by the Speaker of outstanding question or questions relating to the business in hand on expiry of the time allotted for its discussion. 
While closure is preceded by a motion, guillotine is not preceded by any motion. On the last of the allotted days at the appointed time, the Speaker puts every question necessary to dispose of all the outstanding matters in connection with the demands for grants. During budget, guillotine concludes the discussion on demands for grants.

Notes:
Prorogation is end of a session. A prorogation puts an end to a session. The time between the Prorogation and reassembly is called Recess. Prorogation is end of session and not the dissolution of the house in case of Lok Sabha, as Rajya Sabha does not dissolve.
While adjournment is done by presiding officers (speaker / deputy speaker in Lok Sabha and Chairman / Deputy chairman in Rajya Sabha), prorogation is done by President. Dissolution of Lok Sabha is also done by president.

Notes:
The first Public Service Commission in India was established on October 1, 1926. The commission was established after the Lee Commission recommended its creation in 1924. The commission was chaired by Sir Ross Barker. The commission was established under the Government of India Act of 1919. The act created a new office for the High Commissioner for India in London. The commission was established to recruit civil servants.
The commission was later renamed the Federal Public Service Commission by the Government of India Act of 1935. After India’s independence, the commission was renamed the Union Public Service Commission.

Notes:
Sir Benegal Narsing Rau (1887-1953) or Sir B. N. Rau served as the Constitutional Adviser to the Constituent Assembly. His task was to advise the assembly on general structure of democratic framework of India’s Constitution.

Notes:
Constitution of India did not codify permanent laws for citizenship and put this onus on parliament. Using the powers of article 10 and 11, the parliament enacted Citizenship Act 1955 which has been amended from time to time. This act mentions four ways in which a person may be Indian citizen viz. by birth, by descent, by registration and by naturalization. Citizenship by birth and descent are called natural citizens. 

Notes:
Constitution (43rd) Amendment Act, 1977 restored the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and the High Courts in respect of judicial review and issue of writs.

Notes:
The State Reorganization Act of 1956 divided the country in 5 Zones. The state of Rajasthan was placed in the Northern Zone.