Indian Polity & Constitution MCQs

Notes:
Jatiya Sangsad, also known as the National Parliament of Bangladesh, is the supreme legislative body of the country. It consists of 350 members who are elected by the people and are responsible for making and amending laws. The Jatiya Sangsad is headed by the Speaker, who is chosen by the members of parliament. The parliament is located in the capital city of Dhaka.

Notes:
A Judge of the Supreme Court (and also High Court) can be removed from his position by President only on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity. The power for investigation and proof of such misbehaviour or incapacity is vested in the parliament. Each house, in order to remove the judge, will have to pass a resolution which is supported by 2/3rd of members present and voting and majority of the total membership of the house {absolute + special majority}

Notes:
The basic aims and objectives of the constitution of India are discussed in the preamble. Preamble is also the source from which the document derives its authority, and meaning.

Notes:
Following fundamental Rights available to only citizens and not foreigners:

1. Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth (Article 15)Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment (Article 16).
2. Six basic freedoms subject to reasonable restrictions (Article 19).
3. Protection of language, script and culture of minorities (Article 29).
4. Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions (Article 30)

Notes:
The constitution of 1950 had provided for three main types of states and a class of territories:
Part A states, which were the former governors’ provinces of British India, were ruled by a governor appointed by the president and an elected state legislature. The nine Part A states were Assam, Bihar, Bombay, Madhya Pradesh (formerly Central Provinces and Berar), Madras, Orissa, Punjab (formerly East Punjab), Uttar Pradesh (formerly the United Provinces), and West Bengal.
Part B states, which were former princely states or groups of princely states, governed by a rajpramukh, who was usually the ruler of a constituent state, and an elected legislature. The rajpramukh was appointed by the President of India. The eight Part B states were Hyderabad, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Bharat, Mysore, Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU), Rajasthan, Saurashtra, and Travancore-Cochin.
Part C states included both the former chief commissioners’ provinces and some princely states, and each was governed by a chief commissioner appointed by the President of India. The ten Part C states were Ajmer, Bhopal, Bilaspur, Coorg, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Cutch, Manipur, Tripura, and Vindhya Pradesh.
The sole Part D territory was the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which were administered by a lieutenant governor appointed by the central government.

Notes:
The Right to Property was initially a fundamental right under Article 31 of the Indian Constitution but was removed from the list of fundamental rights by the 44th Amendment in 1978, making it a legal right under Article 300A. This change was largely due to extensive litigation and disputes over land acquisition and property rights, leading to important judicial interpretations and challenges. The shift reflects the complexities and conflicts surrounding property rights in India, making it a focal point of legal contention.

Notes:
Chaudhary Charan Singh served as the 5th Prime Minister of India between 28 July 1979 and 14 January 1980. During his whole tenure as a prime minister, no Lok Sabha session took place.

Notes:
Article 326 provides universal suffrage to every citizen of India who has completed 18 years. Originally, the age of voting eligibility was 21 years byt the 61st Amendment of the Constitution of India lowered the voting age of elections to the Lok Sabha and to the Legislative Assemblies of States from 21 years to 18 years.

Notes:
Universal Declaration of Human Rights was on the final stage of drafting at the United Nations when India’s constitution was adopted. India is a signatory to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Thus, Part III of the constitution is partly inspired by UDHR also.

Notes:
The term “secular” appears twice in Indian Constitution, first in Preamble and then in Article 25 (a).