Indian Polity & Constitution MCQs

Notes:
Knesset is the unicameral national legislature of Israel. As the legislative branch of the Israeli government, the Knesset passes all laws, elects the President and Prime Minister, approves the cabinet, and supervises the work of the government. In addition, the Knesset elects the State Comptroller. It also has the power to waive the immunity of its members, remove the President and the State Comptroller from office, dissolve the government in a constructive vote of no confidence, and to dissolve itself and call new elections. The Prime Minister may dissolve the Knesset. The Knesset is located in Givat Ram, Jerusalem.

Notes:
Article 15(2) says that all public places are open to all citizens without any discrimination. Article 16 (2)- No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them, be ineligible for, or discriminated against in respect or, any employment or office under the State.

Notes:
Article 58 of the constitution lays down the qualifications of a president in India. These qualifications are:

• He should be a citizen of India,
• He must have completed the age of 35 years
• He must be qualified to become a Lok Sabha member.
• He should not hold any office of profit under Union or state government.

Notes:
The first deputy chairperson of the planning commission was former Prime minister of India Gulzarilal Nanda from 17 February 1953 to 21 September 1963.

Notes:
The writ of prohibition means that the Supreme Court and High Courts may prohibit the lower courts such as special tribunals, magistrates, commissions, and other judiciary officers who are doing something which exceeds to their jurisdiction or acting contrary to the rule of natural justice. For example if a judicial officer has personal interest in a case, it may hamper the decision and the course of natural justice.

Notes:
Habeas Corpus literally means ‘to have the body of’. Via this writ, the court can cause any person who has been detained or imprisoned to be physically brought before the court. The court then examines the reason of his detention and if there is no legal justification of his detention, he can be set free. Such a writ can be issued in following example cases:

• When the person is detained and not produced before the magistrate within 24 hours
• When the person is arrested without any violation of a law.
• When a person is arrested under a law which is unconstitutional
• When detention is done to harm the person or is malafide.

Thus, Habeas corpus writ is called bulwark of individual liberty against arbitrary detention. A general rule of filing the petition is that a person whose right has been infringed must file a petition. But Habeas corpus is an exception and anybody on behalf of the detainee can file a petition. Habeas corpus writ is applicable to preventive detention also. This writ can be issued against both public authorities as well as individuals.

Notes:
Untouchability was made unconstitutional and abolished through Article 17 under fundamental rights.

Notes:
Constitution (43rd) Amendment Act, 1977 restored the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and the High Courts in respect of judicial review and issue of writs.

Notes:
There are 29 subjects in Eleventh schedule which were added by the 73rd Amendment in 1992. Which enshrines powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats.

Notes:
The Gram Sabha, Gram Panchayat and Nyaya Panchayat are all Panchayati Raj Institutions. Whereas Gram Cooperative Society is not a Panchayati Raj Institution.