Indian Polity & Constitution MCQs

Notes:
The constituent assembly appointed a number of committees to deal with different tasks of constitution. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was the chairperson of the Provincial Constitution Committee.

Notes:
The first general elections to elect members of Lok Sabha were held between October 25, 1951 and March 27, 1952. The result was election of India’s first Lok Sabha. The election was won by Indian National Congress and consequently, Jawaharlal Nehru became India’s first democratically elected Prime Minister.

Notes:
As per Article 61, President of India can be impeached on ground of violation of the Constitution. However what amounts to violation of the Constitution has not been defined. The process of impeachment can begin in any of Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha. The charges for impeachment should be signed by 1/4 members of the house in which the process begins and a notice of 14 days should be given to the President. The impeachment bill has to be passed by majority of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the House {special majority}. One passed in that house, the bill reaches to another house, which shall investigate the charges. President has right to appear and be represented in case of such investigations. If other house also sustains those charges, then it would again need to pass the bill by special majority and thus president stands removed from the office on which the bill is passed in other house. Since it is a bill for removal of president himself, no presidential assent is needed here.

Notes:
The writ of prohibition means that the Supreme Court and High Courts may prohibit the lower courts such as special tribunals, magistrates, commissions, and other judiciary officers who are doing something which exceeds to their jurisdiction or acting contrary to the rule of natural justice. For example if a judicial officer has personal interest in a case, it may hamper the decision and the course of natural justice.

Notes:
Regulating Act of 1773 was the first landmark in the constitutional development of India. Via this act, the British Parliament for the first time interfered into affairs of India. The Prime Minister of England at the time of Regulating Act of 1773 was Lord North.

Notes:
The Constitution draws its authority from the people and has been promulgated in the name of the people. This is evident from the Preamble which states “We the people of India …. do hereby adopt, enact and give to ourselves this Constitution.” This implies that the direct authority of the people cannot be claimed or usurped by the legislature. Under the constitution, legislature is a representative body but people constitute the ultimate sovereign.

Notes:
Safeguarding the public Property [Article 51A (i)]; developing scientific temper [Article 51A (h)] and promoting communal harmony [Article 51A (e)].

Notes:
The maximum strength of Lok Sabha is 552 members of which 530 are elected from states, 20 are elected from Union Territories and 2 were nominated by President from Anglo-Indian community before coming into effect of The Constitution (One Hundred and Fourth Amendment) Act, 2019. The provision of special representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the House of the People by nomination has not been extended further, so for 17th Lok Sabha, it is 552, however, may be 550 during 18th Lok Sabha.

Notes:
Zonal councils are statutory bodies established under the State’s Reorganisation Act 1956. They are only deliberative and advisory bodies. They are responsible for devising the best ways to utilize available resources of States.

Notes:
Constitution (86th) Amendment Act, 2002 made elementary education a fundamental right in India. It added new article Article 21-A which declared that State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may determine. It also changed the subject matter of Article 45 in DPSP which now read – State shall endeavour to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years.. It also added a new fundamental duty under Article 51-A which reads – It shall be the duty of every citizen of India who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the age of six and fourteen years.