Indian Polity & Constitution MCQs

Notes:
To decide far the fundamental rights can apply to the members of the armed forces in India, is the prerogative of the Parliament under Article 33 & 34. These articles empower the Parliament to restrict, modify or abrogate the fundamental rights to the members of armed forces, para-military forces, police forces, members of intelligence agencies or similar services.

Notes:
The makers of the Constitution of India chose the scheme of federation from the model prevalent in Canada. The Indian federal structure is often described as “quasi-federal” because it has a strong central government, much like the Canadian model, which combines elements of both federalism and unitary governance.

Notes:
7th schedule divided the various subjects of legislative powers into three lists viz. Union List, Concurrent List and State List.

Notes:
The writ of prohibition means that the Supreme Court and High Courts may prohibit the lower courts such as special tribunals, magistrates, commissions, and other judiciary officers who are doing something which exceeds to their jurisdiction or acting contrary to the rule of natural justice. For example if a judicial officer has personal interest in a case, it may hamper the decision and the course of natural justice.

Notes:
The objectives of the Constitution of India were incorporated in the Preamble. The Constitution as adopted on November 26, 1949, contained a Preamble, 395 Articles and 8 Schedules.

Notes:
India’s constitution combines these two contradictory principles. In India the constitution have tried to keep a balance between the Judiciary and the parliament. While Judiciary (Supreme Court) through its power of Judicial review can declare laws passed by the parliament as unconstitutional the Parliament can amend the major portions of the constitution. (without affecting the basic structure of the constitution

Notes:
The Right to Property was initially a fundamental right under Article 31 of the Indian Constitution but was removed from the list of fundamental rights by the 44th Amendment in 1978, making it a legal right under Article 300A. This change was largely due to extensive litigation and disputes over land acquisition and property rights, leading to important judicial interpretations and challenges. The shift reflects the complexities and conflicts surrounding property rights in India, making it a focal point of legal contention.

Notes:
74th amendment added the 12th schedule in the constitution comprising 18  items that fall under the purview of municipalities-
1. Urban planning including town planning
2. Regulation of land use and construction of buildings
3. Planning for economic and social development
4. Roads and bridges
5. Water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes
6. Public health, sanitation, conservancy and solid waste management
7. Fire services
8. Urban forestry, protection of the environment and promotion of ecological aspects
9. Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of society
10. Slum improvement and upgradation
11. Urban poverty alleviation
12. Provision of urban amenities and facilities 
13. Promotion of cultural, educational and aesthetic aspects
14. Burials and burial grounds, cremations and cremation grounds and electric crematoriums
15. Cattle ponds, prevention of cruelty to animals
16. Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths
17. Public amenities including street lighting, parking lots, bus stops and public conveniences
18. Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries

Notes:
Under Article 239, Union Territories are administered by the President through an administrator, who is appointed by him with a suitable designation. This designation is called either Lieutenant Governor or Chief Commissioner or Administrator.

Notes:
The Gram Sabha, Gram Panchayat and Nyaya Panchayat are all Panchayati Raj Institutions. Whereas Gram Cooperative Society is not a Panchayati Raj Institution.