Indian Polity & Constitution MCQs

Notes:
WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, are having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST, SECULAR, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens:
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation;
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this 26th day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

Notes:
The parliament of India has power to make laws, organizing jurisdiction and powers of supreme court. The number of judges can be increased or decreased by the parliament by legislation. There was a Provision in our constitution originally that there will be a CJ and 7 other judges. This number was raised to 10 in 1956, 13 in 1960, 17 in 1977, 25 in 1985. Later number of judges in the supreme court was further raised. The Supreme Court of India has a sanctioned strength of 34 Judges currently.

Notes:
Prime Minister of India heads the central government / Central Council of Ministers in India. He is also the chief of the central government, chief advisor of the President and leader of majority party / coalition in Parliament of India. He is also leader of the executive branch of the government of India. On the other hand, President is the “head of the state” in India under whose name, all the business of the government is transacted.

Notes:
First Public Service Commission was established on October 1, 1926 under the Chairmanship of Sir Ross Barker.
UPSC is constitutional body which conducts the prestigious civil services examination to select IAS, IFS and IPS officers among others. It has been established under Article 315 of the Constitution and consists of a Chairman and ten Members; appointed and removed by President. The chairman and members of the Commission hold office for a term if six years or until they attain the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier

Notes:
In the Constitution of India, there is a provision made for each of the Indian states to choose their own official language for communicating at the state level. The selected languages, which can be used for official purpose, have been listed in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution. Originally, there were 14 languages in the 8th schedule. The further languages were added as follows:

• Sindhi by 21st amendment, 1967
• Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali languages by 71st amendment, 1992
• Bodo, Dogri, Santhali and Maithali by 92nd Amendment, 2004.

Notes:
The Panchayat Raj system was first adopted by the Nagaur district of the state of Rajasthan on 2 Oct 1959. But it was first started by Andhra Pradesh.

Notes:
By 44th Constitutional amendment Act in 1978 the right to property was taken away from the category of fundamental rights and made as a legal right. Article 19(1)(f), which guarantees the citizens the right to acquire, hold and dispose of property and article 31 relating to compulsory acquisition of property have been omitted.  It was, however, be ensured that the removal of property from the list of fundamental rights would not affect the right of minorities to establish and administer educational  institutions of their choice.

Notes:
Article 352 states that the President can proclaim Emergency if he/she believes that a “grave emergency exists whereby the security of India or of any part of the territory thereof is threatened, whether by war or external aggression or armed rebellion.

Notes:
Zonal councils are statutory bodies which are established under part III of the State’s Reorganisation Act 1956. They are responsible for devising the best ways to utilize available resources of States.

Notes:
Part XX article 368, amendment of the constitution