Indian Polity & Constitution MCQs

Notes:
The constitution has fixed the maximum strength of a legislative assembly at 500 and minimum strength at 60. It means that its strength varies from 60 to 500 depending on the population size of the state. However, in case of Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Goa, the minimum number is fixed at 30 and in case of Mizoram and Nagaland, it is 40 and 46 respectively.

Notes:
Article 151. Audit Reports :-
(1) The reports of the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India relating to the accounts of the Union shall be submitted to the president, who shall cause them to be laid before each House of Parliament.
(2) The reports of the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India relating to the accounts of a State shall be submitted to the Governor of the State, who shall cause them to be laid before the Legislature of the State.

Notes:
Comptroller and Auditor General of India audits the receipts and expenditure of State Governments, Government Companies and Central Government. The audit of local bodies is not done by CAG.

Notes:
Abolition of untouchability has been included among fundamental rights under article 17. This is one of the few fundamental rights available against individuals. To make untouchability law further strong, parliament passed Untouchability (offences) Act in 1955 which came into force 1st June, 1955. This act was further amended and renamed in 1976 as Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955.

Notes:
President nominates 12 members in Rajya Sabha for six-years term for their contributions towards arts, literature, sciences, and social services. This right has been bestowed upon the President according to the Fourth Schedule (Articles 4(1) and 80(2)) of the Constitution of India. Prior to 2020, President used to nominate two members of Anglo-Indian Community to Lok Sabha under article 331. This provision has now been abolished.

Notes:
Constitution (69th) Amendment Act, 1991 granted special status to Delhi and declared it the National Capital Territory. A Lieutenant Governor was nominated as Administrator of Delhi and legislative assembly was created for Delhi.

Notes:
In Kerala Education Bill (1957), the  Supreme Court said that in case of a conflict between Fundamental Right and Directive Principles, the principle of harmonious construction should be applied. The court observed that: “though the directive principles can not override the fundamental rights, nevertheless, in determining the scope and ambit of fundamental rights the court could not entirely ignore the directive principle but should adopt the principle of harmonious construction and should attempt to give effect to both as much as possible“.

Notes:
Article 8 deals with the rights of citizenship of certain persons of India origin residing outside India at the time of enactment of the constitution.

Notes:
Article 32 has given original jurisdiction to the Supreme Court for matters regarding the enforcement of Fundamental Rights. The Supreme Court is empowered to issue directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari to enforce them. Article 32 also empowers an individual to approach directly to Supreme Court for enforcement of his fundamental rights.

Notes:
74th Constitutional Amendment Act envisaged the constitution and composition of a municipality. The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 came into force on 1 June 1993. Personnel system in a Municipality and relations between elected members (executive) of a municipality and bureaucracy are decided by states as per their respective laws.