General Science Questions (MCQs) for Competitive Examinations

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Calcium hypochlorite is an inorganic compound with formula Ca(ClO)2. It is the main active ingredient of commercial products called bleaching powder, chlorine powder, or chlorinated lime, used for water treatment and as a bleaching agents.

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Sublimation describes a phase transition where a substance changes from a solid directly to a gas, bypassing the liquid state. This physical transformation is distinct from chemical changes like oxidation or reduction. Sublimation happens under certain combinations of pressure and temperature. Examples include dry ice (solid CO2), which sublimates at room temperature, and solid water, or ice, which sublimates under low pressure conditions.

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A virus has a simple structure. It has no internal cellular structure, no cell wall or cell membrane, just the protein coat that holds the string of nucleic acid. It is made only of a nucleic acid + a protein coat. A cell wall is a layer located outside the cell membrane found in plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, and archaea.

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Taenia is a genus of tapeworm that includes some important parasites of livestock. Members of the genus are responsible for taeniasis and cysticercosis in humans. There are more than 100 species recorded. They are morphologically characterized by a ribbon-like body composed of a series of segments called proglottids with proximal mouth called scolex.

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The hair follicles have pigment cells that make melanin, a chemical that gives the hair its color. As one ages, these cells start to die. Without pigment, new hair strands grow in lighter and take on various shades of gray, silver, and eventually white.

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Histology is the study of the micro anatomy of cells, tissues, and organs as seen through a microscope. It examines the correlation between structure and fun-ction.Histology is the micro-scopic counterpart to gross anatomy which looks at larger structures visible without a microscope.

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The Gambusia fish, also known as larvivorous stagnant water fish. It feeds on the larvae of mosquitoes. So it helps in controlling their population. It is also called ‘mosquito fish’ and is being used as a biological control measure. Hence, a check on malaria and other vector borne diseases like even dengue.

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A typical adult human stomach will secrete about 1.5 liters of gastric acid daily. The best-known component of gastric juice is hydrochloric acid, the secretory product of the parietal, or oxyntic cell. It is known that the capacity of the stomach to secrete HCl is almost linearly related to parietal cell numbers.

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Persons with AIDS, Hepatitis B and C, Rabies, Septicaemia, Acute leukemia (Blood cancer), Tetanus, Cholera, and infectious diseases like Meningitis and Encephalitis cannot donate eyes. Even people with diabetes, asthma, hypertension, or persons wearing spectacles and who had undergone cataract surgery can also donate eyes.

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The Theory of Evolution was developed by Charles Darwin (1809-1882). It states that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual’s ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. The theory gained general scientific acceptance after Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859.