General Science Questions (MCQs) for Competitive Examinations

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Keratin is a family of fibrous structural proteins involved in making up the outer layer of human skin. It is also the key structural component of hair and nails. Cells in the epidermis contain a structural matrix of keratin, which makes this outermost layer of the skin almost waterproof, and along with collagen and elastin, gives skin its strength. It also makes up fish scales and crustacean shells, bird feathers and beaks, animal horns and hooves.

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Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious infection caused by the varicella zoster virus. The disease results in a characteristic skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which eventually scab over. It is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person.

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The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands in the human body which is found in the neck. It controls how quickly the body uses energy, makes proteins, and controls how sensitive the body is to other hormones.

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Histology is the study of the micro anatomy of cells, tissues, and organs as seen through a microscope. It examines the correlation between structure and fun-ction.Histology is the micro-scopic counterpart to gross anatomy which looks at larger structures visible without a microscope.

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Growth hormone or somatotropin, also known as human growth hormone in its human form, is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction and cell regeneration in humans and other animals. It is thus important in human development.

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Mould is a member of the fungi kingdom. Fungi can be defined as a plant without chlorophyll, so it cannot get energy directly from the sun. This means that fungi must use other plants and animals as its food source. This is why bread mould is so common because of the ingredients in bread, it is an excellent source of nutrition for many moulds to grow and thrive.

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The term fish is most strictly used to describe any animal with a backbone that has gills throughout life and has limbs, if any, in the shape of fins. Many types of aquatic animals commonly referred to as fish are not fish in this strict sense; examples include shellfish, cuttlefish, starfish, crayfish and jellyfish.

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A carnivore is an organism that mostly eats meat, or the flesh of animals. Carnivores that eat herbivores are called secondary consumers, and large carnivores that eat other carnivores are called tertiary consumers. Animals and people who eat both animals and plants are called omnivores. Sometimes carnivores are also called predators.

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Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a bacterial infection due to Salmonella typhi, also known as Salmonella enterica serotype typhi, that grows in the intestines and blood. Typhoid is spread by eating or drinking food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person.

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Silk worms are the larva of a moth (Bombyx mori) native to Asia that spins a cocoon of fine, strong, lustrous fiber that is the source of commercial silk. Silkworms feed on the leaves of the mulberries (genus- Morus) and sometimes on the Osage orange (Maclura pomifera).