Chemistry MCQs

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The oxidizing power of elements increases on moving left to right along a period in the periodic table. This is because electronegativity and the non-metallic character increases from left to right.

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The agricultural industry widely uses urea, a white crystalline solid containing 46 percent nitrogen as an animal feed additive and fertilizer. Urea has the highest nitrogen content of all solid fertilizers at 46% N.

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Tartaric acid occurs naturally in many fruits such as grapes, bananas, tamarinds, and citrus. Its salt, potassium bitartrate, commonly known as cream of tartar, develops naturally in the process of winemaking. It is commonly mixed with sodium bicarbonate and is sold as baking powder used as a leavening agent in food preparation. The acid itself is added to foods as an antioxidant E334 and to impart its distinctive sour taste.

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Bakelite is a thermosetting plastic formed from phenol and formaldehyde, used in electrical insulators and cookware handles. Unlike thermoplastics, it hardens irreversibly when heated and cannot be remolded. It was the first synthetic plastic, invented by Leo Baekeland in 1907.

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Cassiterite is a mineral that is a significant ore of tin. It is also known as tin oxide. Although rare, its key characteristic is its high specific gravity that makes it easy to separate it from other materials. Tin, which is extracted from Cassiterite, is commonly used in making alloys, punches, and cutting tools.

Notes:
The correct answer is Helium. Helium is a non-flammable, lighter-than-air gas, making it safe for use in balloons. Unlike hydrogen, which is highly flammable and poses explosion risks, helium is inert and does not react with other substances. Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe, primarily produced through nuclear fusion in stars. It was first discovered in the sun before being found on Earth.

Notes:
An aqueous solution of sodium acetate is basic in nature. This is because sodium acetate is a salt derived from a strong base (sodium hydroxide) and a weak acid (acetic acid). When dissolved in water, it undergoes hydrolysis to form sodium ions and acetate ions. The acetate ions react with water to form acetic acid and hydroxide ions, thus creating a basic solution.

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Isobutane, which is known in the industry as R600A has been used in several domestic refrigerators in recent times because it is an excellent refrigerant and non-ozone depleting substance with low global warming potential. The only drawback is that it is highly inflammable.

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Ilmenite is a titanium-iron oxide mineral with the formula FeTiO3. India holds about 37% of global ilmenite reserves, primarily along the peninsular coastal regions. Ilmenite is the primary source of titanium, used in aerospace, chemical, and medical industries. The Geological Survey of India ranks ilmenite among the most abundant heavy minerals in Indian beach placers. Titanium extraction from ilmenite is commercially viable.

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Hydrogen chloride gas released from volcanic eruption is responsible for temporary acid rain in colder regions.