Biology MCQs

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Epinephrine which is also known as adrenaline, is a medication and hormone. It is used to treat a number of conditions, including cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, , asthma, and superficial bleeding.

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The elements which are found in Haemoglobin, Chlorophyll, Chalcopyrite & Vitamin B12 are respectively as follows: Iron, Magnesium, Copper, Cobalt.

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Lac is the scarlet resinous secretion from insects. It is secreted by a number of a number of species of lac insects, of which the most commonly cultivated is Kerria lacca. The farmer gets a stick that contains eggs ready to hatch and ties it to the tree to be infested.

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Blood plasma is the liquid component of whole blood, and makes up approximately 55% of the total blood volume. It is composed primarily of water with small amounts of minerals, salts, ions, nutrients, and proteins in solution. In whole blood, red blood cells, leukocytes, and platelets are suspended within the plasma.

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Infants who drink water contaminated with high levels of nitrate or take foods made with water which is contaminated with nitrate may develop serious health condition due to which infant’s blood is unable to carry enough oxygen to body cells and tissue. This condition is known as methemoglobinemia or “blue baby syndrome.”

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When we respire, most of the carbon dioxide as bicarbonate ions is transported in the blood. The carbon dioxide dissolved in the blood reacts with water and by the help of zinc containing enzyme called carbonic anhydrase, they form carbonic acid. It immediately dissociates to give H+ and bicarbonate ions once carbonic acid is formed. The haemoglobin present in the erythrocytes (RBCs) combines with the H+ ions immediately. The bicarbonate ion goes into the blood plasma which creates an ionic imbalance between the plasma and the erythrocytes. The chloride ions then diffuse from the blood plasma into the RBCs to maintain the ionic balance. The process of chloride ion diffusing into the erythrocytes to maintain the ionic balance is described as Hamburger’s Phenomenon.

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The discovery in 1953 of the double helix, the twisted-ladder structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), by James Watson and Francis Crick marked a milestone in the history of science and gave rise to modern molecular biology, which is largely concerned with understanding how genes control the chemical processes.

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The axillary bud is a bud that develops in the axil of a leaf of a plant (synonymous with lateral bud). Axillary buds develop from the nodes which then becomes a new stem.

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Causes range from bacteria, viruses, and parasites to food reactions and unclean water. The flu comes with symptoms like fever, congestion, muscle aches, and fatigue. The cause is the influenza virus. More severe cases can lead to life-threatening illnesses like pneumonia.

Notes:
Chlorophyll is a green photosynthetic pigment found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Chlorophyll absorbs mostly in the blue and to a lesser extent red portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, hence its intense green color.